# Tag Info

5

I personally use the simple Garch(1,1) for volatility filtering in the risk management area. In fact in most cases I don't even estimate the parameters, I stick 0.94 for mean reversion, 0.04 for the squared error and I get the constant by matching the series variance. My experience is that there is no point pretending to finetune parameters when vol is ...

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It doesn't matter if you use *100 or just pct_change, as long as you are consistent. However, in practice, due to underlying floating point numerical instabilities in the underlying optimization algorithms/default tolerances used in scipy/arch, having the returns expressed in %, i.e. multiplied by 100, will have a better chance of converging during the ...

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Any ARCH type model always requires an additional model for the mean of the time series. If nothing is said about the mean model, then usually is simply a time average plus residual. So, if $y_t$ is your stationary time series, the mean model would be $$y_t = \bar{y} + \epsilon_t$$ where $\bar{y}$ is the average value of $y_t$. And then $\epsilon_t$ would ...

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You can use Matlab too, that, in my humble opinion, is simpler than R from a syntax point of view. The model you need for is run by the Matlab function arima that can be used with seasonality option to do what you have to do. Here you can find an example and a brief explanation of the model. Type ctrl + F and search for: "Specify a seasonal ARIMA model" ...

4

GARCH models are essentially white noise models with some time dependency. The reason GARCH models are used is because they have a lot of nice properties. The main being that the Conditional Volatility is time-dependent. This means that volatility can cluster. It's true that conditional vol will regress towards "normality" as a random walk process with ...

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You can see fairly quickly that an exact answer to this question is not going to be feasible because your functional transformation is to take the square root of $\sigma_t^2$, and the square root function has a countably infinite number of derivatives. This implies that a Taylor expansion is going to leave us with a countably infinite number of terms, most ...

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Yes, it exists and it is called ccgarch package. You can install that by simply running in R install.packages("ccgarch") and learn more about that on the CRAN relative paper. Moreover, I suggest you to read this lecture hold by the author during an R conference. Hope this help.

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Even though it's a straightforward extension, it took me a while (a year? yikes!); but now you can easily incorporate Bayesian ar(1) (or more generally, Bayesian regression) in joint estimation by using designmatrix = "ar(1)" as an argument to svsample. It's not well documented yet (except in the help files), but I nevertheless hope easy to use. From the ...

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Let’s take a simple example to answer a broad but interesting question: Imagine that we have a daily return serie denoted $r_{t}$ ( which is assumed to be stationary) and let's take a little time to define main concepts : Mean Process (First moment process) The unconditional mean of $r_{t}$ denoted $u$ is just its expectation $E(r_{t})$. It is not time ...

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You should check for autocorrelation. However, its presence does not necessarily mean your model will produce inaccurate figures. The ARCH family of models were developed to help analyze the volatility of a time-series. This data is assumed to display a degree of heteroskedasticity. Using the GARCH model, small amounts of auto-correlation (not of practical ...

3

To solve for $U_t$, we can proceed as follows. First, note that \begin{align*} d\left(e^{(\theta + \frac{1}{2}\xi^2)t - \xi W_t} U_t \right) &= e^{(\theta + \frac{1}{2}\xi^2)t - \xi W_t} U_t \left((\theta+\xi^2) dt -\xi dW_t\right) \\ &\qquad+ e^{(\theta + \frac{1}{2}\xi^2)t - \xi W_t} dU_t -\xi^2e^{(\theta + \frac{1}{2}\xi^2)t - \xi W_t} U_t dt\\ ...

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I have the same problem as you. Up to my knowledge, there is no package allowing to combine seasonal ARIMA process with GARCH effects.

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If log returns have a symmetric distribution, prices will have a positively skewed distribution, since exponentiating induces positive skew.

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The mean equation specification for ARIMAX(8,0,0)(5,0,1)[7] (as in the R code above): $$(1 - \phi_1L^1 - \ldots - \phi_8L^8)(1-\Phi_1L^7 - \Phi_2L^{14} - \ldots - \Phi_5L^{35})y_t = \beta x_t + (1 + \Theta_1L^7)\varepsilon_t$$ where $x_t$ is the holiday dummy variable. Equivalent ARIMA fit in Matlab (+ GARCH and forecasting): % specify seasonal ...

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Heston gives an expression for the characteristic function, from which option prices can be computed. Therefore it can be calibrated (statically) on a set of vanilla option prices with different strikes and maturities. Hence this produces risk neutral parameters that can be used to price other more exotic products. However, it is a pain to estimate the ...

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Just a quick fix. Looking at the wikipedia entry of EGARCH: $g(\zeta_t)$ (the unit-scale random variable) seems correct - as you say.

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You find R code for seasonal ARIMA models again in the book mentioned (this chapter). Do you really need the GARCH errors?

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It is not a "basic question", If I am correct : First you estimate your model on the return series and obtains parameters. You must estimate your model in such a way you obtain one-step ahead errors (that I will call computed errors in what follow) and associated time-serie of the predictive errors distributions parameters: $\hat{\mu_{t}}$ and $... 2 PYTHON I have found this class from the statsmodels library for calculating Garch models. Unfortunately, I have not seen MGARCH class/library. Below you can see the basic information about the garch models in mentioned class from the statsmodels. Probably you have to implement it by your own in python, so this class might be used as a starting point. ... 2 Yes, you can use Multivariate GARCH model to estimate the volatility of a portfolio. For example, the Constant Conditional Correlation(CCC) GARCH model. In the CCC GARCH model, it says there is a constant correlation between portfolio and the model is defined as: Once you have estimated the correlation matrix, the the composed volatility can be computed by ... 1 If$\log{(|R_t|)}$is your first term, I'm not sure why this is a matrix. Modulus (determinant herein) applied to a matrix$R_t$gives a scalar. If your implementation in python produces a matrix, that's likely because modulus is treated as an element-wise abs() function for each element of a matrix. It may be easier and faster to use rugarch (univariate ... 1 You are right - GARCH model models volatility. They write: " The GARCH [27] can be used to model changes in the variance of the errors as a function of time." What people often do is to fit an ARIMA model (that can be used to forecast a time series) and apply a GARCH model to the errors (which gives you a feeling for the forecast error). See Hyndman and ... 1 As regards the point (1), you do not have to include the exogenous variables in the garch model, but, as described in the paper (IV. Methodology, p. 7), you must estimate the following models and steps: Get residuals vector$\epsilon_t$by running:$RetJP_t=$... 1 Few comments on your questions: 1) Yes, Arch and Garch are suitable for equities volatility, please see: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jae.800/pdf 2) No. These are models of volatility. To model interest rates use CIR, Vasicek or similar. 3) and 4) Check paper above. 1 Garch models are not good to predict "many" periods ahead, but for "very short" times. If you want to predict 2 months from here, maybe you should be working with monthly data. I did a similar exercise with some indexes (symb=c("^BVSP","^MERV","^DJA","^N225")) using daily returns from="1991/01/01", look the incredible predictions. 1 So you are asking whether the function Box.test requires standardized or raw residuals as input? I do not know this function but as you mention that the results change based on your input it should be such that the function requires standardized values. In case a standardization is implemented directly the output should not differ because you either plug-in ... 1 This should follow from the properties of the forecast - for example the GARCH(1,1) forecast for$h$steps is computing the conditional expectation of$\sigma^2_{t+h}$based on the information set-up in$t$. This can be computed recursively by$\$ V(\varepsilon_{t+h}|F_t)=\omega+\alpha\varepsilon_{t+h-1|F_t}+\beta\sigma^2_{t+h-1|F_t}\\ ...

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My 2 Zimbabwe cents: A few years ago developing new ARCH like models became almost a fad and large numbers of them were published without a clear justification in my humble opinion. However there is an important distinction I do think. Some markets are symmetric, while others (such as Stock Indexes) show a Leverage Effect where the volatility rises when ...

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You first fit a ARIMA model to the returns data and then a GARCH model to the residuals.

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alpha + beta < 1 is the stationary condition for GARCH. If alpha and beta are low that means volatility of the stock does not have clustering behaviors. I think you can have a look at ADF and PACF of Return^2 time series first. If the first order autocorrelation is very significant but alpha is not, then perhaps you can check on the parameter calibration. ...

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