Specialised NoSQL database systems are used a lot for time series storage, particularly for tick data:
- Kx / KdbKx / Kdb is one prominent solution; from Arthur Whitney et al who did A+ at Morgan Stanley
- Onetick is another, newer entrant, which has traces back to Goldman Sachs
- Voltdb is something by serial database inventer Michael Stonebreaker
- SciDB is another recent Stonebreaker project, trying 'commercial open source' but more for science apps (at least for now?)
The commercial offerings tend to be rather expensive and I have not heard of use of standard Web 2.0 NoSQL databases in trading environments. Some may of course do rather than talk ...