All this assumes the absence of arbitrage:
As you probably know without dividends it's is never optimal to early exercise a call option on a non dividend paying stock because then the time value is lost, if $r$ is non-negative.
Early exercise of an American put option can be optimal if the option is sufficiently far in the money and $r > 0$. Then you can earn interest on the money gained.
So yes, see also Hull, 7nd edition, chapter 9 'Properties of Stock Options', section 9.6 in particular.
In the rare case that $r < 0$ it can be call options can be optimal to exercise call options. However $r$ rarely, if ever, goes sufficiently negative on its own.