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I have been trying to use control variate method to reduce the variance of my Monte Carlo Simulation, however, the model is suffering from low correlation problem which makes the control variate method does not work, how do I deal with this.

I am thinking that could I generate two set of "random" number that artifically correlates with each other, but I am not sure what this will do to the expected value of my monte carlo simulation, Thanks for any comment.

option_monte <- function(sigma,s_0,r,k, nSim,tau, type, q){
  set.seed(204)
  
  Z <- rnorm(nSim, 0,1)
  W_T <- sqrt(tau) *Z
  S_T <- s_0*exp((r -q- 0.5*sigma^2)*tau + sigma * W_T)
  
    if (type == "call"){
    sim_call_payoff <- exp(-r*tau)*pmax(S_T-k,0)
    option_price <- mean(sim_call_payoff)
    variance <-   var(sim_call_payoff)/length(sim_call_payoff)
    x <- rep(NA,length(sim_call_payoff))
    x <- sim_call_payoff
    return(c(option_price, variance,x))
    }
  
    
    
    
    if (type == "put") {
    sim_put_payoff <- exp(-r*tau)*pmax(k-S_T,0)  
    option_price <-  mean(sim_put_payoff )
    variance <-   var(sim_put_payoff)/length(sim_put_payoff)
    x <- rep(NA,length(sim_put_payoff))
    x <- sim_put_payoff
    return(c(option_price, variance,x))
    }
}

#control variate

MC_put1 <- option_monte(0.3,45,0.02,40,1000,2,"put", 0.04)
MC_call <- option_monte(0.3,45,0.02,40,1000,2,"call", 0.04)
BS_call <- BS(45,40,0.04,0.3,0.02,2,"call")
BS_put  <- BS_put<- BS(45,40,0.04,0.3,0.02,2,"put")
MC_Put <- MC_put1[1] + (BS_call - MC_call[1])
sd_new1 <- sqrt(MC_put1[2] + MC_call[2] - 2*cov(MC_put1[3:length(MC_put1)],MC_call[3:length(MC_call)])/length(MC_call))

#Result 
var_reduced_put_price Monte_Carlo_put BS_analytic_put Var_monte Var_reduced_Var  


 4.732958        5.092364        5.273973  0.2127453       0.5008263

As you can see, the "reduced" standard error is 0.5 which is larger than unreduced (0.2127). I think this is due to the two independent random variables that I used for my control variates. However, I have no good solution for this.

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1 Answer 1

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I have solved this using a different European put option, and the correlation appears to be very strong (0.97) and the variance reduced drmatically.

 Var_reduced_put_price Monte_Carlo_put BS_analytic_put Var_monte Var_reduced_Var
             5.281548        4.916428        5.273973 0.2121133      0.05058189


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  • $\begingroup$ So you solved it by finding another derivative to use as your control variate that has a higher correlation to your payoff? $\endgroup$
    – will
    Sep 19, 2021 at 11:44

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