Questions tagged [arbitrage]
The simultaneous purchase and sale of a financial security in order to profit from the difference in the security price during the trading activity.
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Calendar arbitrage with dividends
In this question, it is shown:
i) the definition of calendar arbitrage for Call options;
ii) the financial/mathematical rationale.
Nevertheless, in that question, one assumes that there are no ...
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2answers
124 views
SPACs - How can IPO investors incur losses?
I'm trying to understand the role of the initial IPO investors of a SPAC. From the Beginner's Guide of r/SPACs:
When the IPO occurs, a SPAC generally offers Units – generally at \$10 per Unit. These ...
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1answer
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Is there any data sources for historical arbitrage basis (e.g. on-the-run/off-the-run basis)?
I hope to get data going back as far as possible. Someone must have computed these things, but not sure if anyone has shared these data online?
If not, if you know how I can get the data for the ...
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1answer
87 views
Martingale proof: Call-prices must be increasing in maturity
I have observed that IV is increasing with time to maturity by using market prices and plotting IV (from Black-Scholes) against log-moneyness, $\log(S_t/K)$. $S_t$ being the price of the stock at time ...
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1answer
63 views
When are parameters calibrated using one option type applicable to price other option types on the same underlying?
I am coding up some basic models to show prospective employers, but I am forced to guess "what is done in practice" since I don't yet work in the industry. I am implementing various ...
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1answer
135 views
Why was CDS-bond basis close to zero before the financial crisis?
For instance, see the evidence here:
This paper claims that this arises from the fact that cash bond and CDS have different margins, and thus it is cheaper (funding wise) to hold CDS positions. ...
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440 views
Making a beeline to statistical arbitrage
This question is somewhat related to my previous question here but has not been addressed in any other thread. The answer in that thread hit the nail right on the head with that one line "...
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199 views
Why were cross-currency swap basis so close to zero before the financial crisis?
For instance, see the graphs below.
Before the 2008 financial crisis, they were extremely close to zero. Why is that so?
(https://www.sr-sv.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CIP_01.png)
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What exactly are the “bounds” in arbitrage bounds?
Wikipedia’s article on arbitrage bounds is loaded with jargon, and thus requires a lot of prerequisite knowledge to understand what should be a basic definition.
What exactly are the “bounds” in ...
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Why is it called the No-Arbitrage Theorem if it’s really “arbitrage exists but only briefly”? [closed]
Why is it called the No-Arbitrage Theorem if it’s really “arbitrage exists but only briefly”? Is it just because all opportunities revert to equilibrium so fast that there’s no ultimate arbitrage, or ...
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Arbitrage optimal size model that accounts for slippage given a specific path?
I'm interested in any model that helps calculating the optimal size to maximize PnL given the liquidity of an asset (or the slippage that I would incurr per unit of asset traded).
For instance, let's ...
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51 views
Replicating Portfolio / Complete Market / Attainable Claim
Attempt So Far:
1) First Part:
I have shown that the market is arbitrage-free since the only possible portfolio for which $V_1^h\geq0 \ $ given that $V_0^h=0 \ $ is $h=(0,0,0)$ and this clearly ...
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2answers
310 views
Risk-neutral Probability, Risk-Adjusted Returns & Risk Aversion
When we employ the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing and the existence of an equivalent probability measure, say $Q$ with respect to the historical probability $P$, we often say the expectation ...
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If arbitrage can happen exactly at one moment, is it really arbitrage?
There are many "interpretations" of what no-arbitrage means in mathematical finance, the most well known is no free lunch with vanishing risk:
If $S=\left(S_{t}\right)_{t=0}^{T}$ is a ...
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608 views
When looking for arbitrage among a LARGE amount of assets, is there an optimal way?
Looking for arbitrage opportunities when looking at 3 pairs of related currencies is easy. However if we assume that we have a large amount of currencies, is there an optimal way to swipe through them ...
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Self-financing condition and funding, collateral and discounting
I'm reading "Illustrating a problem in the self-financing condition in two 2010-2011 papers on funding, collateral and discounting" paper.
Is it just me or authors have a typo in their main ...
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Spot-Futures arbitrage profit calculation
My question is about spot-futures arbitrage.
Lets say, t=0 , Spot Price=1.38 , ArbFree Theoretical Fwd Price= 1.40 and Real Futures Market Price = 1.38. So we see that there's arbitrage. I take a long ...
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How to compute the yield to maturity on a zero-coupon 3 year bond in this case?
Suppose I have the following problem:
We have data on three bonds: a one-year zero-coupon bond (bond A), a twoyear zero-coupon bond (bond B), and a three-year bond with an annual coupon equal to 5% ...
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Arbitrage portfolio example
Can you give me a concrete example of a self financing portfolio which gives arbitrage opportunity in the two-dimensional Black-Scholes model?
By the two-dimensional Black-Scholes model I mean
$$dS_{1}...
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1answer
103 views
Can we observe smile arbitrage from the implied and local volatility?
Here are graphs of implied volatility and local volatility. Our prof mentioned that we can observe that the short end low strike region has some smile arbitrage. I would like to know how?
Thanks
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1answer
132 views
Does CRR Model lose completeness if we add another instrument?
Consider the multiperiod binomial/CRR model with one risky asset $S^{1}$ and a numeraire $S^{0}$. By seeing that the equivalent martingale measure is uniquely determined, we obtain that the market is ...
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1answer
135 views
Clean noisy data from arbitrage
My problem is that I have a surface of implied black volatilites that is supposed to represent market data. However, the surface contains some slight arbitrage.
More precisely, the graph contains ...
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2answers
611 views
How to prove no-arbitrage when a long butterfly is strictly positive?
I want to prove why there are no arbitrage opportunities when a long butterfly is strictly positive. I know there is a similar topic out there, but it seems it doesn't solve my question: Prove that ...
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37 views
Is there a forward contract the underlying of which is another forward contract?
Is there a forward contract on a forward contract?
Let us take a simple example: Persons $A$ and $B$ agree that $A$ sells $B$ some asset tomorrow at the fixed price $K_1$. This is a normal forward ...
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1answer
124 views
What is the interpretation if the real world measure $\mathbb P$ is equal to the martingale measure $\mathbb Q$
Out of interest, is there anything noteworthy about a market when its real world measure $\mathbb P$ is actually also its martingale measure. In other words the real world measure $\mathbb P$ is equal ...
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412 views
Why did investors believe that Volkswagen's preference and ordinary shares would converge in price?
The second para. below confirms that "Porsche's takeover demand would target the latter [ordinaries] rather than the former [preference]." Then why did investors like Albert Bridge Capital &...
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532 views
ETF Market Making - Locking profits via hedging
I am interested in deeply understanding the way ETF market makers operate to profit. I already know that market makers profit from buying at the bid price and selling at the ask price, and I am also ...
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Options Arbitrage
I have a basic question regarding the BSM formula, would be thankful for any assistance.
As far as I understand $N(d2)$ and $N(-d2)$ stand for the probability of a Call and Put respectively being ...
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1answer
174 views
No-arbitrage arguments: how do additional fees affect futures on an index?
I am considering a fund that replicates the returns of an index minus a fee, using the following case-study my lecturer used regarding SPY:
In practice, futures and forwards can be written on assets ...
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Example of one-period model that satisfies law of one price but is not free of arbitrage
We know that by the law of one price: in a one-period model $(\overline{\pi},\overline{S})$ for an arbitrage-free market model it follows that for two strategies $\overline{\rho}$ and $\overline{\xi}\...
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For one-period model, construct a risk-neutral measure $\mathbb P^{*}$ such that the density is constant on $\{S^{1} (<,>,=)c\}$
Consider a one-period arbitrage-free model, it has one risky asset $(\pi^{1},S^{1})$ such that $\pi^{1}>0$, with interest rate on the risk-free asset $(\pi^{0},S^{0})$ at $r > -1$.Furthermore $...
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102 views
Option Arbitrage Opportunity [closed]
Could you please explain me whether there is an arbitrage opportunity in this situation (added below)?
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Given the density function of $S^{1}$ in one-period model, find the risk-neutral measure
Consider the one period market model $\left(\overline{\pi},\overline{S}\right)$ consisting of a risk-free asset $\left(\pi^{0},S^{0}\right)=(1,1+r)$ and a risky $\left(\pi^{1},S^{1}\right)$
Let $ r &...
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How to price a forward-rate agreement?
I don't understand how the formula on page 24 of Joshi: Concepts and Practice of MF is derived. Here is the paragraph I don't understand:
A forward-rate agreement is simply an agreement to take some ...
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Why do transaction costs increase the range of the no-arbitrage bounds for an option's price?
I am reading this book by Mark S. Joshi. Can you help me make sense of one of the exercise questions? Here is the question (from page 40 of the book):
Exercise 2.5 Suppose no-arbitrage bounds for an ...
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1answer
86 views
Swap Spread Arbitrage & Rates/STIRT Vol
Concerning the classic swap spread arbitrage trade where you (as far as I understand it):
Buy a treasury and borrow in GC repo, paying repo rate and funding the haircut in short term unsecured ...
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$\epsilon$-arbitrage model
In the model here described, Bertsimas says that we can use the Robust Optimization to find the replicating portfolio the value of which is such that minimize the difference $|P(\widetilde{S},K)-W_T|=\...
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1answer
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Is this actual example of calendar arb in quotes?
From my understanding total implied variance has to be a monotonic function of time for there to be no calendar arbitrage. Stumbled upon quotes for this Monday with apparent arb (NKE Dec expiry vs Jan)...
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1answer
62 views
How can the face value of a bond not be a round number?
I'm reading Bruce tuckman's "fixed income securities" and I'm at the section that is explaining arbitrage. In the chart below, the cash flows are based off the biannual interest rates * the ...
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1answer
106 views
Market price of risk of different maturities
T. Bjork Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time Proposition 23.1 "Assume that the bond market is free of arbitrage. Then there exists a process $\lambda$ such that the relation
$\frac{\alpha_T(t)-r(...
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Replicating portfolio
I have a doubt about the replicating portfolio methodology.
Example - Consider an European Call with $K=21$ and underlying with current price $S_0=20$. We assume that, at the maturity, the underlying ...
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Determining Presence of Arbitrage
I am slightly confused by part (b) of this question. My understanding is that the easiest way to determine if there is arbitrage is to compute the state prices and then look at their sign: if one or ...
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Binomial Model Strike Price Assumption
Let us have the standard single-period binomial pricing model, and denote the up and down states of the underlying by $S_u$,$S_d$ respectively. Let us say we have a call option on the underlying with ...
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Proof of existence of one only martingale measure
I know that:
Hypothesis 1 (Girsanov Theorem)
Let $\theta=\begin{Bmatrix}
\theta_t
\end{Bmatrix}_{t\in [0,T]}$ be a square-integrable and $\Im_t$-adapted process such that $\mathbb{E}[e^{\frac{1}{2}\...
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1answer
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Arbitrage in a Single Index Model
Simple question really, but I'm very confused by the starting point. Let's assume that we have a portfolio whose excess returns can be described by the following equation from the single index model:
...
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Replicating a derivative
Assume an underlying random variable $S_T$ which satisfies that $S_T > 0$ and that $\mathbb{P}\{S_T \neq 100 \} > 0$.
Let $X_0$ be the time-0 price of a contract that pays $X_T: -2\log\left(\...
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Where could I get a mathematical background on circular arbitrage?
I am particularly interested in the dependence of profit on the path length (the number of intermediate currencies) and graphical models / algorithms. More specifically:
How can we model currency ...
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1answer
68 views
Risk-Neutrality: Discount factors of the $P$ world according to risk preferences?
I am coming to terms with the connections between the so-called $P$ world and the $Q$ world. In my understanding, the risk-neutral measure $Q$ induces a probability space under which investors are ...
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1answer
52 views
How does $1 + R = q_u · u + q_d · d $ follow from $d ≤ (1 + R) ≤u$ in the Binomial Pricing Model?
I've been reading Tomas Bjork's 'Arbitrage theory' and it says:
To say that $d ≤ (1 + R) ≤u$ holds is equivalent to saying that $1 + R$ is a
convex combination of u and d, i.e. $1 + R = q_u · u + q_d ...
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Can arbitrage arguments be rearranged to avoid selling? (Hull, Chapter 5)
Suppose forward contracts are traded on a consumption asset, so there aren't necessarily people ready and willing to sell the asset to jump on an arbitrage opportunity. Suppose the asset has no yield, ...
