Questions tagged [martingale]
The martingale tag has no usage guidance.
198
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Conditional Expectation of Integral of Squared Brownian Motion - PDE Approach
I am looking to compute the following using Ito's formula.
$$u(t,\beta_t) = \mathbb{E}(\int_t^T\beta_s^2ds|\beta_t)$$
Knowing the properties of brownian motion, it is rather easy to show that the ...
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0
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23
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Serial Correlation & martingale difference sequence
Can someone help if my assumption is correct? Thank you!
Because there is a presence of serial correlation in daily returns, can I assume this justifies the choice of the assumption of martingale ...
- 43
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1
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109
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European option with payoff $X_T^2$ [closed]
I have been ask to price a European option with payoff $H(X_T,T) = X_T^2$ using the equivalent martingale measure (EMM).
For this I used the process:
\begin{equation}
dX_t = r X_t dt + \sigma X_t d\...
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75
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Good performance of naive forecasting in efficient markets
I am doing spot price forecasting for a market, and so far, the naive forecasting model, which forecasts with the last observed prices, is the best forecasting model. I know that it might be because ...
- 1
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41
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Premium density under stochastic interest rate
First, suppose that the interest rate is assumed to be zero. Then, according to the definition provided by Delbaen and Haezendonck (1989), the premium is given by:
\begin{equation}
p_t = p(\mathbb{Q})\...
- 409
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Where does the term $\gamma$ come from when moving from measure $\mathbb Q^{N}$ to $\mathbb Q^{M}$?
Consider two measures $\mathbb Q^{M}$ and $\mathbb Q^{N}$, as well as the two numéraires $M$ and $N$, furthermore assume that $X\frac{N}{M}$ is a $\mathbb Q^{M}$-martingale. Furthermore, the ...
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$aS^0 + bS^1$ is a $Q$-martingale does not imply discounted market is arbitrage-free
In the following framework : let $(S_0^{'}
, S_1^{'}
)$ be an undiscounted financial market in
discrete time on $(\Omega, F, \mathbb{F}, P)$ with a finite time horizon $T \in \mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{...
- 1
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1
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60
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Floating swap payoff with rate determined on current instead of previous date
I am attempting to determine the payoffs a modified swap, in which the floating payments at a time $T_k$ are made on the current date (i.e. $L(T_k,T_{k+1})\equiv L_{k+1}(T_k)$) rather than at the ...
- 175
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How to find the risk neutral valuation of $P(T_{1})$ und the measure $\mathbb Q^{P(T_{2})}$
How do I find the risk neutral valuation of $P(T_{1})$ und the measure $\mathbb Q^{P(T_{2})}$, where $P(T_{1})$ and $P(T_{2})$ refer to the $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ zero coupon bond with $0 < T_{1} < ...
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Why the Esscher transform is the right transform for pricing formula?
A Wiener process has infinitely many states of the world at any time step. Does that not mean that there are infinitely many EMM's for any model that uses the Wiener process?
But then if there is only ...
- 409
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38
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Why is the price of any asset divided by a reference asset(numeraire) is a martingale under the measure associated with that numeraire?
why is the price of any asset divided by a reference asset(numeraire) is a martingale under the measure associated with that numeraire?
For example, if I have the price of a forward price $f_t$ and a ...
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Martingale-equivalent compound Poisson process
My question is related to the paper "a Martingale approach to premium calculation principle in an arbitrage-free market" by Delbaen and HAEZENDONCK (1989).
In short, they characterized all ...
- 409
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Probablity distributions of zero crossings in 1D random-walk
Consider a simple 1D random walk that starts at position zero, and each second changes position by either +1 or -1 with 50-50 probabalities.
I know it is proven to cross zero infinitely many times, ...
- 101
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Can grid strategy make profit on a random walk?
I've seen this thread, but it's a little too advanced for me. I haven't studied finance, just recently had some experience with grid strategy bots on cryptocurrency exchanges (in future markets), and ...
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Is this term structure model valid? (Modeling the Zerobonds directly)
Let us define the dynamics of the discounted Zerobonds as
$$ \tilde{P}(t,T) = \int \sigma(t,T) dW_t + \tilde{P}(0,T)$$
Lets assume $\sigma(t,T)$ is s.t. $\tilde{P}(t,T) $ is a martingale and positive (...
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Proving the discounted stock price is martingale
Let $\mathcal{K}_s$ be
$$ \mathcal{K}_s=\{\tilde{V}_t(\theta):0\leq t<\infty,\,\theta\text{ a simple strategy}\},$$
where $\tilde{V}_t(\theta)$ is the discounted value process of the self financing ...
- 165
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Change of measure and Girsanov's Theorem: Do the following models admit arbitrage and are they complete?
Let $S_{t}$ denote the price of stock, $\beta_{t}$ denote the savings account. For each model below state with reason whether it admits arbitrage and whether it is complete.
(a) $\beta_{t}=e^{t}, S_{t}...
- 103
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Equivalent local martingale measure vs. equvalent martingale measure in a Brownian setup
Assume you have the standard financial market built up of a Brownian motion. I have seen some books say that an equivalent local martingale measure imples no arbitrage, and some say that an equivalent ...
- 125
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2
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246
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Ito's lemma $f(t,W_t^2)$
Let $f$ be a function of $t$ and $W_t^2$.
a)Find a function $f$ such that $f(t,W_t^2)$ is a $F_{t^-}$ martingale, with $F$ the Brownian filtration.
b)Use Ito's lemma to show that $f(t,W_t^2)$ is a ...
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Finding the PDE and replicating strategy of a european contigent claim [duplicate]
Suppose that we have the Black and Scholes model where the interest rate and the volatility are time varying:
$dB(t)=r(t)B(t)dt$ and
$dS(t)=S(t)b(t)dt+S(t)\sigma(t)dW(t), S(0)=s>0$
where $r,b,\...
- 129
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164
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Solving an SDE using Ito's Lemma
Suppose that
$Z(t)=e^{-\int_0^t \theta'(s)dW(s)-\frac{1}{2}\int_0^t ||\theta(s)||^2ds}$
with $\theta()=\sigma^{-1}()[b()-r()]$, $\sigma()>0$ and invertable and $W()$ a Wiener process
There is also ...
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123
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Martingale proof: Call-prices must be increasing in maturity
I have observed that IV is increasing with time to maturity by using market prices and plotting IV (from Black-Scholes) against log-moneyness, $\log(S_t/K)$. $S_t$ being the price of the stock at time ...
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148
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Poisson process under equivalent martingale measure
I have a stochastic process $N(t)$ which is equal to $n$ with probability
$P\{N(t) = n\}=\frac{\left(\lambda t \right)^{n}}{n!}e^{-\lambda t }$
where $t$ represents the time period. In other words, ...
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322
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Drift Term in Black-Scholes Model Martingale
How would I prove that a Black-Scholes Model is not a Martingale if it has drift. In many cases it is just stated as a fact (without proof).
For instance if Im looking at:
$$dS_{t} = \mu S_{t} + \...
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165
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replicating self-financing portfolio for risk neutral measure
Let the price process $S_{t}, 0 \leq t \leq T$, be a diffusion, and savings account be $\beta_{t}$ such that the Equivalent Martingale Measure $Q$ exists. Let $C_{T}=g\left(X_{T}\right)$ be the claim ...
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Derivation of option pricing PIDE: Why does the drift need to be zero?
I started studying PIDE methods for option pricing and am struggling to understand or find the necessary theory that shows why the PIDE is obtained by the condition that the drift term has to be zero.
...
- 161
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102
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Hermite polynomials as martingales [closed]
Let $\left\{W_{t}: t \geq 0\right\}$ be a standard B.M. on the filtered probability space $\left(\Omega, \mathcal{F},\left\{\mathcal{F}_{t}\right\}_{t \geq 0}, \mathbb{P}\right)$. Define the Hermite ...
- 69
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Martingale problem on biased random walk
I am struggling to understand the martingale property of exponential of a biased random walk. For example, in the following problem how do I verify whether the following is a martingale, submartingale ...
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2
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338
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Proving that a stochastic process is a martingale using Ito's Lemma
Assume a Wiener process W and a bounded F-adjusted stochastic process a. Show that the following process is a martingale on F
$$X(t)=(\int_{0}^{t}a(s)dW(s))^{2}-\int_{0}^{t}a^{2}(s)ds,\ t\geq0$$
Can ...
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If arbitrage can happen exactly at one moment, is it really arbitrage?
There are many "interpretations" of what no-arbitrage means in mathematical finance, the most well known is no free lunch with vanishing risk:
If $S=\left(S_{t}\right)_{t=0}^{T}$ is a ...
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1k
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Heston stochastic volatility, Girsanov theorem
How can we apply Girsanov's theorem to a stochastic volatility model?
In Heston's model the dynamics are given by
\begin{align*}
dS_t &= \mu S_t dt + \sqrt{v_t}S_t d\widehat{W}^\mathbb{P}_{1,t}, ...
- 131
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Why does it hold true that $\theta_{t} d\overline{X}_{t}$ is a local $Q$ martingale if $\overline{X}$ is a local $Q$ martingale
I am learning from Bernt Oksendal's Stochastic Differential Equations and on page 276 Lemma 12.1.6, it is stated that:
The existence of an equivalent martingale measure $Q$ on the discounted price ...
- 469
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How to take the expectation of an exponential martingale? And an exponential with a random value?
I am reading Shreve's Stochastic Calculus for Finance II. He states on pages 110 and 111 that,
$$E[exp(\sigma m-\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2 \tau_m)] = 1$$
$$E[exp(-\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2 \tau_m)] = e^{-\sigma m}$...
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1
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108
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If there is a $T$-forward measure and a risk neutral measure, then markets are not complete?
I am trying to understand the connection between market completeness and risk neutral measures.
A market is complete if and only if the equivalent martingale measure is unique.
But if I change to the $...
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300
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Martingale pricing with time-dependent risk-free rate
I want to find the price of a European call-option under the assumption that the risk-free rate $r$ is time-dependent, i.e.
$$
d\beta = r(t)\beta dt \leftrightarrow \beta(T) = e^{\int_0^T r(u)du}
$$
I ...
- 181
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Efficient market hypothesis and martingales
One of the tasks in the book we´re using in introduction to finance is
Stocks are expected to earn (much) more than the risk-free interest rate. This means
that stock prices are expected to increase ...
- 121
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164
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Why do stock prices follow a martingale?
I have a quick question: why does the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) assume that stock prices follow a martingale process?
I understand that discounted prices under the risk-neutral probability ...
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155
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What's the price of a lookback call option in the arbitrage-free CRR-model?
If we consider the CRR-model in two periods, i.e. T=2. Let $S^1$ be the risky asset with $S_0^1=100$ and $S^0$ the bond with $S_0^0=1$. Furthermore, we assume the model is arbitrage-free with $y_b=-0....
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Given the density function of $S^{1}$ in one-period model, find the risk-neutral measure
Consider the one period market model $\left(\overline{\pi},\overline{S}\right)$ consisting of a risk-free asset $\left(\pi^{0},S^{0}\right)=(1,1+r)$ and a risky $\left(\pi^{1},S^{1}\right)$
Let $ r &...
- 469
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63
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Maximal increase payoff
I am interested in the following problem.
We have a Multi-Step Binomial Model with discrete time $T=1,\dots,n$.
We also assume that the stock $S_t$ is a martingale and there is a risk-free bond with $...
user47393
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Can a Process with a Stochastic Drift be a Martingale?
I have repeatedly come across the statement that "a process with a drift cannot be a martingale". Is this true also for stochastic drifts?
Suppose I have a process with a stochastic drift:
$$...
- 5,191
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1
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203
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Stochastic volatility Levy models
Hey I have some questions about stochastic volatility for Levy processes. If I understand correctly, if we change the time in Levy's process by CIR process, the newly received process is not Levy's ...
- 423
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234
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Discounted price process - martingale
I have a process $S_{t}=S_{0}e^{\left(r-q\right)t+mt+X_{t}}$, where $X_t$ is a Levy process and I want to check for which $m$ the process $e^{-(r-q)t}S_t$ is a martingale. The third condition of a ...
- 423
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1
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130
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No-arbitrage Pricing
We have a contract whose value is $A(S_t,t) = S_t^3$ at all times, not just at expiration. $S_t$, the underlying stock, follows a Geometric Brownian Motion, $\frac{dS}{S} = \mu dt + \sigma dB$. How ...
- 127
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100
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Why does an autocall on a linear payoff have vega?
Consider a (stochastic) linear index, say $I(t)$, in that it grows at the risk free rate (with some volatility of course). There exists a maturity date $T$ on which I receive $I(T)$; however there is ...
- 1,662
2
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0
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115
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Recognizing a Martingale
Under which conditions is the stochastic process $\{X_t\}_{t=0,1,...,T}$ a martingale? Demonstrate and explain clearly for each case below. If it is not necessarily a martingale, provide a ...
- 127
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Discounted stock price under a NON risk-neutral measure
Under a risk-neutral measure $\mathbb{Q}$, the discounted stock price is a $\mathbb{Q}$-martingale. Does it mean that under the actual probability measure $\mathbb{P}$ the discounted stock price is ...
6
votes
1
answer
461
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Why aren't american put options martingales?
I don't understand what's wrong in the following argument.
Assume that we have a no-arbitrage market where the following products are traded:
a risky asset $S$,
a risk-free bond $B$,
an American put ...
- 61
1
vote
1
answer
180
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Libor rate and martingales
We know that the forward Libor rate $L(t, T, T + \tau)$, in the absence of arbitrage, is a martingale under the measure $T + \tau$, i.e. $Q^{T+\tau}$. In this context:
$$
\tag{1}\label{1}
L(t, T, T + \...
- 711
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94
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Martingale optimal transport with two different nature of assets
In most of the litterature , for solving the optimal transport problem $sup_{Q\in \mathcal{M}}E^{Q}[c(S_{1},S_{2})]$ where $\mathcal{M}$ is the set of probability coupling such that the marginals of Q ...
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