Questions tagged [pricing]
The pricing tag has no usage guidance.
207
questions
2
votes
0answers
20 views
Implying a required rate of return on an option from the required rate of return on the underlying
Is it possible to imply a required rate of return on an option from a required rate of return on the underlying?
For example, given a known cost of equity, can you calculate the required rate of ...
2
votes
1answer
80 views
Fair Strike for Variance Swap with no Skew in IV Surface
I am reading through Derman's 1999 research notes, "More than you ever wanted to know about Volatility Swaps."
In equation B4 of Appendix B, the author takes the Taylor Series of the variance swap ...
1
vote
0answers
39 views
Pricing Equity Swaptions
Consider a swaption to enter into a standard equity swap as a fixed-rate payer, equity receiver, in which the notional principal is fixed.
If the strike is K. the underlying swap starts at time 0=n ...
0
votes
1answer
43 views
Why would a lower stock price leads to higher value of a call option?
Currently I am reading Basic Black Scholes: Option Pricing and Trading by Timothy Falcon Crack.
At page $47,$ the author mentions the following.
Higher interest rates decrease the present value of ...
0
votes
1answer
22 views
Do not understand 'If an option position includes short American-style options, then the payoff-diagram may be misleading'
Currently I am reading Basic Black Scholes: Option Pricing and Trading by Timothy Falcon Crack.
At page $42,$ the author mentions the following.
If an option position includes short American-style ...
0
votes
0answers
18 views
CDS ISDA Pricing (usage of accrued in calibration)
I am looking to understand the ISDA CDS Pricing Model for a 1Y "Buy Protection" CDS with Coupon = Quoted Spread = 100bp. Numbers are from Bloomberg.
Cash-Flow Matrix
...
1
vote
1answer
110 views
What happened to future price if rates become negative?
Imagine the spot price of a non deliverable and not paying dividend asset is 100\$. With positive rate, the theoretical formula $F = S \cdot e^{rT}$ give us a future price higher, let's say 105.
If ...
1
vote
0answers
41 views
New/ relevant ways to retrieve intraday stock pricing
I am trying my best to find cheap/ free ways to retrieve and store intraday stock prices - both historically and going forward. Many of the ways I find seem to be outdated and no longer exist. For ...
1
vote
2answers
103 views
Valuation of Total return swaps (TRS)
I have seen a TRS being valued which has an index as underlying on the asset side. It also has a coupon rate associated with it. Asset leg is calculated by taking
...
4
votes
0answers
56 views
How to price, hedge ESG-dependent products?
I read with interest news about Netherlands bank trading several novel products in which a counterparty pays floating cash flows linked to the counterparty's ESG (environment, social, governance) ...
2
votes
1answer
77 views
Zero-coupon bond pricing equation derivation
I'm trying to understand how in Chawla's paper that I've linked below, how he obtains equation (2.5) for the zero coupon bond pricing equation?
The equation is:
$\frac{\partial B}{\partial t} + \...
0
votes
1answer
58 views
Interest rate equation from bond price?
If a zero coupon bond price at time $t$, with maturity $T$ ($t<T$), is denoted by
$B(t;T) = B(T;T) e^{(-\int_{t}^{T} r(s) ds)}$
where $r(t)$ is a known interest rate.
How does this transform ...
0
votes
1answer
69 views
Increase short positions in futures on oil
In this video on severe contango the author says that if the spot price is way under the futures price, a lot of people will buy oil on spot price and enter a short position. Then he says :
...it's ...
3
votes
1answer
57 views
How to model the maturity term of non maturing deposit accounts
My client (bank) currently follows a naive method to model the maturity term of chequing accounts. We need to model the maturity to correctly calculate the FTP pricing of these chequing accounts.
The ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
Can someone explain to me the intuition behind the discount factor for this simple payoff? [closed]
Let's say you enter into a contract today in which in time t, you receive the difference between the underlying stock price and 100. Denote the stock price as S. Why is today's value of such a ...
2
votes
1answer
173 views
ETF Market Making
I understand market makers of ETFs earn a bid-ask spread (buying low from investors and selling high in the market). But how exactly do they determine when's the right time to buy, and at what price?
...
2
votes
0answers
40 views
CDS pricing using intensity models incorporating liquidity
I want to price a CDS using an intensity based model, but I want to account for liquidity as well.
General model: The default time $\tau$ is the first jump time of a cox process, and the survival ...
2
votes
1answer
116 views
FX Futures pricing formula
I'm reading Paul Wilmott's Introduces Quantitative Finance and stuck a bit with formula $F = S(t)e^{(r-r_f)(T-t)}$ for FX futures pricing. I don't get how to incorporate $r_f$ into the formula, could ...
0
votes
0answers
25 views
is there a specific design pattern in C# to model a yield curve into the NS model?
I successfully managed to have a nice NS model to a yield curve I am studying using R, while I am still beginner in C# I wonder if there is a specific design pattern I should follow in order to put ...
3
votes
0answers
75 views
Pricing eurodollar futures
How are Eurodollar futures priced in practice?
What I already know: The implied 3 Months rate by the futures is 100-price, since it matches the payoff. Using daily LIBOR rates, one should be able to ...
2
votes
1answer
113 views
Overlapping vs Non-overlapping returns
Suppose I want to estimate the following regression: $R_t=\alpha + \beta X_{t-1} +\epsilon_t$. Where I use asset returns as the dependent variable. Both overlapping as well as non-overlapping returns ...
3
votes
1answer
93 views
Problem at deriving Bachelier formula with interest rates
In the Bachelier model, I have difficulties with a certain step. I want to figure out the distribution of $S_T$, which is the price process in the Bachelier model.
So far I could state that ($\mathbb{...
4
votes
1answer
86 views
Equivalence of Put Pricing Formulas
I have to show that:
\begin{equation}
P_{t,T}(K)=e^{-r(T-t)} \int_0^{\infty}\left(K-S\right)^+ q_T^S(S)dS
\end{equation}
is equivalent to:
\begin{equation}
P_{t,T}(K)=e^{-r(T-t)}\int_{-\infty}^{...
3
votes
1answer
104 views
Black's Approximation - Discrete dividend for Put Options
I am currently trying to price and option chain for dividend paying stocks (american style exercise).
I am able to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of dividends until maturity and then apply ...
2
votes
1answer
89 views
Difference between modelValue from HestonModelHelper and NPV() from VanillaOption
I am trying to calibrate an Heston model and price vanilla option using Quantlib 1.15 and Python 2.7.
I use the following code
...
0
votes
2answers
164 views
Efficient market hypothesis vs random walk
I am having trouble to understand the distinction between the EMH and random walks.
If I understand correctly, the EMH states that all available information is incorporated into prices, which ...
1
vote
0answers
111 views
A crash course in pricing
I need to refresh all the pricing theory.
Is there anything like a crash course with practical and intuitive explanations?
I will provide any further information.
I am a mathematical engineer. I am ...
0
votes
1answer
107 views
Is there an asset pricing model that actually works? Can you point me to research that test APMs?
As far as I know there is no APM that is able to explain all stock market anomalies. However, my search for papers empirically test a set of widely accepted APMs was not very successful. I would like ...
1
vote
2answers
97 views
CDS, default probability and bond price
When we calculate the implied default probabilities from CDS, can we use that information to price bonds?
I am getting familiar with Fixed Income. I saw textbooks using implied default probabilities ...
1
vote
0answers
22 views
Pricing a transfer option for oil
Need some input in how to attack this problem. Given are 8 timeseries:
UK Oil price, Delivery Quarter 1 2020
UK Oil price, Delivery Quarter 2 2020
UK Oil price, Delivery Quarter 3 2020
UK Oil price, ...
1
vote
1answer
49 views
Transactional costs for shipping in % based on futures market price
Real case: Imagine I want to move an oil from one terminal to another.
I have about 20 +/- tanker companies, but all of them have max capacity on their top deadweight (DWCC) vessel about ...
0
votes
1answer
113 views
pricing deliverable vs non-deliverable fx forwards
I am trying to link these two questions together
Pricing a regular FX forward
This is a contract (say USD vs JPY) where you exchange 2 currencies at maturity at a pre-determined rate, while no ...
3
votes
1answer
221 views
Pricing a callable bond
I have read the Lehman Brother's paper on OAS which I mostly understand, they outline how to find the OAS for a callable bond of which the formula is effectively (ignoring refinancing costs):
Market ...
1
vote
0answers
18 views
How to calculate/estimate CLV for our odd subscription-based business model [closed]
I'm working on a school project where I and other group members come up with a business idea and write a paper containing all necessary information about the business, like the business model, revenue ...
0
votes
1answer
263 views
How to quantify the coupon effect?
I'm reading Moorad Choudhry's book "Advanced Fixed Income Analysis"
The first chapter briefly touches on the coupon effect which I understand from other sources is the effect of pricing an annuity (...
5
votes
1answer
162 views
Pricing in the Heston Model
The dynamics of the Heston Model is
\begin{align*}
\frac{dS}{S} & = \lambda \sqrt{\nu} d W^S \\[0.5em]
d \nu & = k (1- \nu )dt + \epsilon \sqrt{\nu} dW^\sigma
\end{align*}
where $\lambda$...
2
votes
2answers
225 views
Application of Itô's lemma - Forward process
How would be applied the itô's lemma in the following equation:
And we know that:
1
vote
1answer
157 views
Bond discounting conventions
during the preparation for my thesis, I've come across some strange discrepancies between literature and the information I've been taught.
It comes down to the proper way of discounting cash-flows of ...
1
vote
0answers
53 views
Preferred Stock pricing model
I am trying to build a model to price a preferred stock. I want to model the dividends as random payments. I can't find any papers online on the subject. Does anyone have a reference for me?
3
votes
1answer
150 views
Why Quantlib Option NPV does not change when repricing?
Trying to learn Quantlib with Python, please have a look at below code:
...
2
votes
1answer
82 views
Which methods are there to determine the price of futures contracts?
Which method apart from the cost of carry model exists, and which works best in real life? How does the market expectations impact on the futures price?
1
vote
0answers
57 views
FX Average Forward Pricing
Lookin for documentation on how to price FX Arithmetic Average Rate Forwards.
Couldn't find any info on textbooks.
Any help is very appreciated.
1
vote
2answers
142 views
ETF Replication
I have a question regarding the ETF replication methods. I know there are two main methods, namely physical and synthetic replications, but I would like to understand how an ETF trader can :
...
2
votes
1answer
86 views
Getting rate from a share's given futures price, with known dividend information
Question was answered by @Ezy - thanks!
This seems to be a basic question, but mysteriously unsolvable as far as I can see.
It concerns calculating the interest rate from a given stock futures ...
2
votes
0answers
33 views
About buying and selling a cumulative parisian options
I ask my question here because I want to know more about the cumulative Parisian options introduced by M. Chesney, Mr. Jeanblanc-Picué and Mr. Yor in 1997, then developed by Hugonnier in 1999 and F. ...
1
vote
1answer
148 views
VXX Put pricing
Last week at Friday's close, the Dec 14 37.5 Put options were selling for \$.68 with VXX at \$40.29. This week at Friday's close, the Dec 21 37.5 Put options were selling for \$.38 with VXX at \$40.50....
1
vote
1answer
59 views
Levy process and random measure
I am wondering if random measures are used under a Levy process and how this connects to finance (particularly pricing). Any paper or books for suggestions is welcomed.
0
votes
1answer
147 views
What is the value/price of a bond paying floating rate
I am going through J.C.Hull for swaps. Where he says we can value a swap using bonds. Let $B_{fl}$: value of floating rate bond, $L$ notional principal. Why is $B_{fl} = L$ just after a payment ? What ...
0
votes
2answers
488 views
Hedging with machine learning
I’ve been thinking about an interesting problem lately: Suppose I have a position in an exotic derivative. How can I automate the hedging process?
Traditionally, one build a pricing model and ...
0
votes
1answer
73 views
What discount rates should I use to price a municipal bond with unknown market price?
I have a payoff structure but I do not know the price of the bond. The bond is municipal. What discount rates should I take for each period in order to calculate its fair price?
