Questions tagged [pricing-formulae]
The pricing-formulae tag has no usage guidance.
4
votes
2answers
94 views
Why do we need approximation in option pricing?
We know that we can get a closed form for European option price. And we can calculate directly the normal distribution accumulation. But I saw that people use many approximation methods such as ...
1
vote
1answer
48 views
Bond and Stock Relationship
Is there any formulair relationship between the price of a corporate bond and the stock on the same company?
0
votes
0answers
23 views
How is this steel price implied based on enterprise value-to-Ebitda?
How was the steel price of $650 per ton calculated based on the forward-looking enterprise value-to-Ebitda in this Bloomberg news article?
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-23/tariff-...
2
votes
0answers
74 views
Barrier Option with Time-Dependent Rebate
Is there a closed form solution for American Single-Barrier Options (specifically Down-and-Out Calls) which undergo linear principal amortization based on the amount of time passed before being KO'ed?
...
1
vote
0answers
64 views
Bond prices tend to 100 at maturity?
Let's assume we have a fixed-income bond, which is paying a yearly coupon. For example a 3 year bond, 1% fixed coupon, issued at par. So we have
at issue ->
$Price=\frac{1}{(1+0,01)^1}+\frac{1}{(1+0,...
0
votes
1answer
74 views
CDS protection/contingent leg pricing, taking expectation of interest and hazard rates
The Pricing and Risk Management of Credit Default Swaps, with a Focus on the ISDA Model
Screenshot: Pricing protection leg of a CDS, by OpenGamma
In the screenshot above, I am having trouble ...
0
votes
2answers
210 views
Pricing an open repurchase agreement
I am wondering, how do you price a open-ended repo (when a maturity date is not set)?
I have done some research and have found no formula's or even an explanation of how to value such a repo. In ...
-1
votes
2answers
43 views
Is “interest” positive or negative in the “free cash flow to firm” model?
FCFF = net income + non-cash charges + interest x (1 - tax rate) - long-term investments - investments in working capital
My intuition is: if the company is receiving interests payments, then the ...
0
votes
0answers
89 views
Twiggs Money Formula - Lazy Bear approach
Well, I am trying to implement twiggs Money formula in my application and I am stuck in one place. I am following the lazy bear approach. Here is the link for that
https://www.tradingview.com/script/...
1
vote
1answer
202 views
Valuation of a swap where both parties can cancel (not settle at market) with accrual method instead of present-value?
Consider a single-name total return swap (TRS) on some reference asset $S$. For concreteness, suppose the length of the contract is one year with quarterly resets, and the performance of $S$ is ...
0
votes
1answer
119 views
How to price a forward struck contract today by changing from a $T>T'$ forward measure to $T'$ forward measure at time $t<T'<T$?
Suppose that the payoff of some contract is $V_{T}=S_{T}-S_{T'}$ where $T'<T$ and we want to value the contract at time $t<T'$ (the situation where this arises could be a total return swap, ...
1
vote
0answers
27 views
in long term options on equities, what is the greek used for security lending rate, and what formula do you use?
in long term options on equities, what is the greek used for for security lending rate, and what formula do you use?
would it often move contrary to moves in risk free (ois) and so in practice is it ...
2
votes
1answer
11k views
Formula for forward price of bond
What is the formula for the forward price of a bond (assuming there are coupons in the interim period, and that the deal is collateralised)
Please also prove it with an arbitrage cashflow scenario ...
3
votes
1answer
286 views
Dupire's formula proof
I just have a question for the beginning of a proof:
Suppose
$\frac{dS_{t}}{S_{t}}=(r_{t}-q_{t})dt+\sigma(t,S_{t})dW_{t}$
with $r,q,S$ stochastic.
In the book I read, it is written:
We define the ...
2
votes
2answers
388 views
Stochastic volatility
Suppose we have :
$\frac{dS_{t}}{S_{t}}= \sigma dW_{t}$ with $\sigma_{t}$ a stochastic volatility process.
How to compute $\mathbb{E}^{Q}[(S_{T}-K)+]$ ? Is there a BS alike formula : "$S_{0}N(d+)-Ke^{-...
2
votes
1answer
67 views
Pricing of American Deriviatives
Reading the book by Andrea Pascucci "PDE and Martingale Method in Option Pricing" I am struggling with a very simple issue. Suppose we want to find the price of an American derivative $X$ in an ...
2
votes
2answers
139 views
Where to find pricing formulas for affine stochastic volatility jump-diffusion models?
Does anyone know a reference where I can find the pricing formulas for vanilla calls in the affine stochastic volatility jump diffusion class of models such as SVJ and SVJJ?
I am looking for ...
0
votes
1answer
56 views
What are the technical events that fluctuate quoted asset (e.g. forex) prices? How does it relate to the purchase of currency contracts?
This is a generic question about the quotations of assets but for the sake of reducing ambiguity, let's consider the EUR/USD exchange rate. If the answer varies for other asset classes, please note ...
0
votes
1answer
292 views
Implication of the Greeks under jump diffusion model
Consider jump diffusion model proposed by Merton and Kou.
As far as i know, most paper only dealt the valuation of option under the jump diffusion model.
As i expected, because of the ...
6
votes
1answer
351 views
What is a good Computer Algebra System for financial engineering?
I would like to know if there exists some computer algebra systems adapted to calculate pricing based on particular models, i.e. pricing YoY Inflation Swap under Jarrow Yildirim Model.
I know that ...
3
votes
3answers
4k views
What is the Most Efficient Way to Calculate the Internal Rate of Return IRR?
I have built a program that prices financial assets and it does this in part by calculating the IRR. The problem is that it does not run as quickly as I would like it to.
I currently use the Newton-...
1
vote
2answers
176 views
Is stock price priced in the uncertainty?
Consider a one step binomial tree model for stock price. The classical setup is as below:
At time $t=0$, the stock price is $S_0$.
At time $t=1$, the stock has probability $p$ to jump up to price $...
6
votes
1answer
3k views
Documentation of the ISDA CDS standard model
I have to validate the use of the ISDA CDS standard model.
Don't understand me wrong - I am sure that the ISDA model is "good" I just need to know what it is in detail.
I can download an Excel-...
2
votes
2answers
253 views
Question on an approximation in pricing formula
I am reading the book An Introduction to Financial Option Valuation. The following on page 58 makes me confused:
For the formula:
$\exp \left\{ -1.96\sigma \sqrt{t}+(\mu-0.5 \sigma^2)t \right\}$,
...
1
vote
4answers
424 views
How to price an exchange option using B&S framework?
Consider a market composed by two stocks whose prices $X$ and $Y$ are given by B&S diffusion:
$$dX_t= \mu X_t dt+ \sigma X_tdW_t$$
$$dY_t= \mu Y_t dt+ \sigma Y_tdB_t$$
Supposing the market is ...
5
votes
2answers
326 views
Foward-start option pricing
Consider a probability filtred space $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb F, \mathbb P)$, where $\mathbb F = (\mathcal F_t)_{0\leq t\leq T}$ satisfing the habitual conditions and is generated by $1 d $- ...
8
votes
2answers
686 views
Is there a comprehensive reference book on US fixed income conventions?
In Canadian fixed income markets there is a nice handbook called Canadian Conventions in Fixed Income Markets (PDF). It contains detailed market standard pricing formulas for calculating prices, ...
8
votes
3answers
545 views
Is it possible to demonstrate that one pricing model is better than another?
Take the classic GBM (geometric Brownian motion) model for equities as an example:
ds = mu * S * dt + sigma * S * dW.
It is the basis for the classic Black-...
12
votes
5answers
4k views
How to obtain true probabilities from Black-Scholes?
How to obtain true probabilities from Black-Scholes option pricing equation?
Suppose, that we know risk adjusted discount rate for the underlying asset (the drift term in the physical measure) and ...
7
votes
3answers
4k views
Market Value of a CDS
I need to model the market value of CDS in a portfolio. My current approach is to calculate the present value of the future spread payments - does anybody have a better idea to solve the problem?
...
16
votes
7answers
5k views
Formal proof for risk-neutral pricing formula
As you know, the key equation of risk neutral pricing is the following:
$$\exp^{-rt} S_t = E_Q[\exp^{-rT} S_T | \mathcal{F}_t]$$
That is, discounted prices are Q-martingales.
It makes real-sense ...
6
votes
1answer
621 views
How do equivalent martingale measures arise in pricing?
I'm studying for an exam in financial models and came across this question:
"An agent with $C^2$ strictly increasing concave utility $U$ has wealth $w_0$ at time 0, and wishes to invest his wealth in ...
7
votes
5answers
6k views
Predicting Price Movements on a Betting Exchange
On a betting exchange the price (the odds that an event will happen expressed as a decimal, 1/(percentage chance event occurring) of a runner can experience a great deal of volatility before the event ...
6
votes
2answers
485 views
How do bond pricing formulae differ between the US, UK and the Euro zone?
Let's restrict the scope of the question a little bit: I'm interested to learn about major differences in pricing formulae for nominal government bonds. The pricing formulae for inflation-linked bonds ...
