Questions tagged [return]
The return tag has no usage guidance.
1
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1answer
58 views
Which are the practical implications that the continuously compounded rate of return can be smaller than the expected rate of return?
I'm reading Hull's Options, Futures and other Derivatives and it intrigues me that the distribution of the continuously compounded rate of return x is: $x \sim \phi(\mu - \frac{\sigma^2}{2}, \frac{\...
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0answers
35 views
Semantic question [closed]
In English, do you write: "the returns of stock $i$ have increased..." or "the returns on stock $i$ have increased..."?
Thanks for your help.
0
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1answer
40 views
Return on Investment for rolled options position on margin [duplicate]
I'm trying to calculate my return on investment (ROI) for an options position on margin that has been rolled. I'll give an example:
Sell to Open (STO) a naked put position, for which I collect 100 ...
0
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1answer
36 views
Most Recent Stock Return for a Machine Learning Project [duplicate]
I am doing a machine learning pet project that requires me to construct a column for stock return between Jan 1, 2018 and today (Dec 26, 2018). I am basically looking for the most recent annual return ...
2
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1answer
106 views
Transform Fama French Returns to Euro
I constructed a global portfolio and calculate it's daily return in Euro.
Now i want to do the regression with the Fama-French daily factor-returns (HML, SMB). However, these returns can only be ...
2
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0answers
27 views
Bond Index Return from Yield Curve Data [duplicate]
I am trying to compare fund returns with benchmark returns. I have some yield curve data (some of them calculated by Bloomberg) but not bond price or return data. Is there any way to get bond returns ...
-2
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1answer
53 views
Private Equity Fund Return (IRR)
Can anyone guide me that how to calculate IRR for Private Equity Fund. I have the following data.
Capital Call with dates
Management Fees with dates
I used excel formula of XIRR, but I found that ...
0
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1answer
58 views
Sharpe Ratio with Stochastic Interest Rate?
All versions of the Sharpe ratio that I've seen seem to assume that the risk-free rate is constant, and the standard deviation of the excess return in the denominator simplifies to the standard ...
0
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1answer
401 views
Javascript calculating IRR using Newton method
I leveraged the github code (https://gist.github.com/ghalimi/4591338) to compute IRR using Newton method. When I replicated the codes step by step in excel, I'm able to find the optimized resultRate ...
3
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1answer
213 views
Discrepancy between total shareholder return and return calculated using adjusted share price?
I'm trying to understand a difference I'm seeing between the return I calculate using adjusted close price and the total shareholder return with dividends reinvested (TSR) I get from Bloomberg / this ...
0
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1answer
47 views
Is my data fittet to be significant?
I am new to this forum and hope for some help. I have a dataset of returns. I cannot tell where these come from, but let's assume they come from a trading algorithm of stock prices. The returns are ...
1
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1answer
814 views
variance of log return
Suppose $C_i$ is i-day's closed price, when drift is small,
we have the close to close variance
$$\sigma^2 =\dfrac{1}{n}\sum\limits^n_{i = 1}\left(\log\left(\dfrac{C_i}{C_{i-1}}\right)\right)^2.$$
If ...
1
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0answers
37 views
normalized 15-min absolute returns
I was reading an article today and I came across a new expression: "normalized 15-min absolute returns". I know what returns mean but I don't have any idea how I can normalize them ( I am not sure if ...
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0answers
71 views
Return on asset value for one company different on Yahoo Finance and on Market watch
I am wondering why the return on asset (ROA) is so much different for a company when reported on Yahoo finance and Market watch website.
Here is Yahoo finance link: Yahoo Finance
and here is ...
0
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1answer
117 views
What is the distribution of percentage return in general?
In finance, we often assume that the log-returns $\ln(1+R(t))$ follow a normal distribution.
Since $\ln(1+R(t)) \approx R(t)$ when $R(t)$ is small,
\begin{equation*}
dS/S \sim \text{Normal}.
\end{...
0
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1answer
688 views
Orthogonal sources of risk and return
I am sorry for my incompetence. I am new in Quantitive Finance, so I read an article about the relationship between Alpha and Portfolio Risk and I can not understand what is the meaning behind the ...
2
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1answer
143 views
Risk, required return and expected volatility - what is the relationship?
Return required from risk averse agents from risky investments are proportional to expected return variance. That is from the textbook, you take the portfolio with the highest return to standard ...
0
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2answers
234 views
Interpretation of Excess Return
How is excess return defined for a given asset?
There are altogether two different definitions for excess return used in the calculation of alpha and beta and I'm unable to understand which one ...
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0answers
812 views
How to calculate monthly Return from a Momentum Strategy with overlapping Holdingperiods?
I replicate a Momentum Strategy from Rey and Schmid (2007) "Feasible momentum strategies" based on the idea from Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). I only buy the single stock with the highest past return ...
2
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2answers
460 views
Correlation: Use Price or Return? Return doesn't make sense [closed]
I am trying to find the correlation between the returns of two indices over a long period of time (10 years+) . Should I be using the index daily price level or the index daily total return? Most ...
1
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0answers
35 views
What is the expected rate of return from paying 1 today for a 50/50 bet receiving either 2 in year 1 or 0.5 in year 2? [closed]
What do you think is the correct way to calculate expected return for this example?
I think Method4 below is correct.
Method1 35.4% = AVERAGE(1.0, 0.5^(1/2)-1)
Incorrect, but some will argue that ...
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0answers
156 views
Generalized method of moments concept in CAPM testing
In the course of my master thesis I’ve come across a paper by Carr and Wu (2009) where the authors evaluate whether returns on variance swaps can be explained by the simple CAPM. (really only market ...
1
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1answer
89 views
How can I compare two mutual funds' performance with a sparse set of data?
I want to compare the performance of two mutual funds. The only data I have is annual returns for the past 7 years. So I have 7 observations for Fund 1 and 7 observations for Fund 2. In addition, I ...
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0answers
461 views
Calculating Net Annualized Return on LendingClub historical data
I am interested in the formula LendingClub provides as their measure of "Net Annualized Return":
$\big(1 + \frac{\sum_{i=1}^N{((I_i + L_i - S_i - C_i + R_i) / P_i) P_i}}{\sum_{i=1}^N{P_i}}\big)^{12}-...
1
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1answer
118 views
Intrepreting the Capital Market Line plot
I am looking at plots of the Security Market (SML) line and Capital market line (CML).
The X axis is the beta for the SML and Standard deviation for CML; the y axis is labeled with excess return.
...
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2answers
2k views
convert three months interbank rate into monthly rate
I have a time series of the three month interbank rate each month and I suppose that the rate is has yearly frequency.
I need these interbank rates to be on a monthly basis because I want to us these ...
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1answer
1k views
Calculate the total returns from the total return index [closed]
I have the Total Return Index(RI) for several companies.
I know that I can calculate the log retunrs with $ln(RI_t/RI_{t-1})$. Therefore my first guess would be to ...
2
votes
2answers
210 views
ITM Puts under negatively skewed return distribution (volatility skew)
I read Hull (2009) on implied volatilies. I understand that (given a negatively skewed return distribution) an OTM-Put is more worth than under a normal distribution and that a OTM-Call is worth less ...
0
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1answer
111 views
decoding this formula about nominal and real return [closed]
I am sorry if the following question is not quantitative finance.
I am reading this thing badly written lecture notes, which says
$W^r_1 \equiv W_1/P_1^g = (W_0^rP_0^g)(1+R)=/P_1^g$
$(1+R^r)\equiv ...
0
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1answer
188 views
Bond duration as estimation to holding return
I am really struggling to prove to myself that when we can estimate the one-year holding period return for a three-year zero by using the following estimation:
S3 - Duration2*(f1,3- S3)
Where Sn is ...
1
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1answer
452 views
Required Rate of Return vs Expected Return
I faced a problem that gives the following information:
market risk premium, and risk free rate is given
You currently have a portfolio of amount of x, beta b1.
Now there is a new investment ...
2
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0answers
115 views
What does it mean to adjust for short-run liquidity in finding risk-free rate of return
Risk-free rate of return should equal the expected long-run growth rate of the economy with an adjustment for short-run liquidity.
What is meant by the last phrase, "adjustment for short-run ...
3
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2answers
2k views
Calculating Geometric mean
I need to annualize daily returns for about 120 firms for over a period of 10 years. I chose to calculate the geometric return because 1) it is the actual return 2) to avoid the asymmetric effect of ...
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2answers
14k views
Square root of time
I am writing about VaR and I am wondering about the following:
We can scale the VaR to different time horizons by using the square root of time, which means, that the volatility is adjusted by square ...
2
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3answers
879 views
Logarithmic returns for realized variance?
I am wondering which method makes more sense when computing log returns. I am trying to compute log returns for realized variance, and I have the opening and closing prices for every minute.
Since ...
1
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1answer
297 views
Regression giving the return on a stock
I have this regression equation:
$$
R_{stock} = 3,28\% + 1,65*R_{market}
$$
Where $R_{stock}$ is the expected return on a stock and $R_{market}$ being the market risk premium.
I have a one-year T-...
4
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2answers
26k views
How to calculate equally weighted market portfolio
There's two studies that test the same thing in different markets (i.e. they apply the identical methodology). They state:
1) "$R_{mt}$ is the equally weighted average stock return in the dual-listed ...
13
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1answer
482 views
Is Arithmetic Return Bias Basis of Low Vol Anomaly?
An observation in capital markets is that the connection between return and risk (measured as volatility) is not that straightforward (at least not as modern portfolio theory assumes). One interesting ...
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2answers
400 views
local price return and volume relationship
I wanted to see how the stock price and volume relationship is locally.
So I tried ranking both the daily return (at day t) and volume (at day t) base on a 30 day rolling window with historical daily ...
4
votes
1answer
2k views
Valuing Total Return Swaps
In my quest for simulated data, I am trying to generate prices for Total Return Swaps by calculating the NPVs of the fixed and floating leg. My problem: Given the fixed leg, how do I set the spread on ...
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3answers
5k views
Total Return measurement paradox w/ Adjusted Close Prices
Using total return calculations is critical in developing security selection models.
The standard way to measure total return is to develop a series of price-adjusted data. Investopedia describes the ...
