Questions tagged [returns]
The asset rate of returns is the profit on a particular investment; it includes any change in the asset value, interest, commission or dividends and so, all other cash-flows which an investors receive or pays due to the investment.
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T-statistics on monthly returns vs annualized monthly returns
eqI am very confused about a very basic question. This is probably more statistics than quantitative finance, but still, should be useful for this stackexchange board as well.
Let's assume I have ...
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How does one calculate carry-roll-down theoretically assuming expectations of short-term rates are realised
I am not asking for an explanation that is hugely quantitative, but rather one that is more intuitive.
I am aware that there are different assumptions that one could take when it comes to carry-roll-...
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Covariance matrix for multiple assets - Second attempt
Ok, on the advice of administration I open a new question, hoping that in this way it becomes clearer.
Like I said before, I am trying to understand how the authors of this (page 76) and this (page ...
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Prices and returns
I want to convert the payoff of an Asian and a lookback Call option with prices in their corresponding with returns. Example: for an European Call $\varphi(S_T)=(S_T-K)^+$, so knowing that $S_T=S_0(1+...
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How to calculate portfolio returns from assets with different valuation frequencies and return methdologies?
I have a situation in which I'd like to calculate a total portfolio return for a portfolio made up of funds with different valuation frequencies and return methodologies.
As an example, say I have a ...
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Boundaries on the single-period returns
I know that $e^{t\mu_{\operatorname{log}}-\Gamma\sqrt{t}\sigma_{\operatorname{log}}}\leq \widetilde{R}_t^S \leq e^{t\mu_{\operatorname{log}}+\Gamma\sqrt{t}\sigma_{\operatorname{log}}}$, with $\mu_{\...
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Please help me understand this dataset regarding stock prices
I am supposed to predict column E but I cannot figure out what any of these columns mean. The information provided with the dataset is as follows:
column A: past 28 week slope value
column B: past 48 ...
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Relationship between risk and return for GBM and riskless bond
Suppose we have $S$, a stock following geometric Brownian motion ($dS_t = S_t (\mu dt + \sigma dZ_t)$ for $Z =$ Brownian motion) and $B$, a zero coupon bond with rate $r$, i.e. $dB_t = rB_t dt$.
In ...
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Estimating the XIRR of a very non uniform cash flows
It's my second post, so please bear my lack of experience in this field.
I've a very irregular cash flow (here you can see the set of date - cumulative cash flow)
The XIRR, calculated with Excel, is ...
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Event study using sector indices
Analyzing Covid-19's impact on different sectors I would like to use sector indices.
Can you use CAPM or similar to calculate abnormal returns of indices or does it only work with stock prices?
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Does the Shannon entropy of stock returns change over time?
Shannon entropy, $H(X) = -\sum_{i=1}^n p(x) \ln p(x)$ is a probabilistic measure of randomness or disorder within a random variable's probability distribution or histogram.
If we take rolling window ...
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Using Taylor formula with logarithmic returns
I would like to calculate PnL scenarios for an FX portfolio using Taylor series approximation:
$$
\begin{align}
\text{PnL} \approx \delta \Delta r + \frac{1}{2} (\Delta r)^2 \Gamma
\end{align}
$$
I ...
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How to calculate monthly returns in R for every company in a dataset of 4000 companies?
I want to calculate monthly returns for a time series of 4000 companies between 2014 and 2019.
This is how my dataset looks like
I'm using the following code to calculate the returns
nyseamex <- ...
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Correlation sensitivity in multivariate $t$-copula for portfolio VaR of electricity futures using Kendall's tau-$b$ correlation matrix
My t-copula model captures the daily dollar returns of a portfolio of approximately 400 assets. I am curious if there's a generally accepted way to quantify the sensitivity of portfolio movements with ...
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How to up-sample monthly returns into daily returns?
I know how to down-sample daily returns (large-sample data) to monthly returns (small-sample data) by using rolling windows, which feels like estimating a sub-sample from the population (something ...
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Cumulative returns from ROI of individual trades
I've a series of ROIs: $R(n) = [r_1, r_2, ... r_n]$ generated from taking $n$ trades. Each ROI value is in percent $[0, 1]$. How do I generate cumulative return $C(n)$ from this data?
My understanding ...
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Calculating Dollar-Neutral Strategy Net Return
An example in the book, Quantiative Trading, the net return of a dollar neutral strategy of IGE and SPY is calculated.
...
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Inter-temporal structural stability of stock markets
For my bachelor thesis I am trying to determine structural stability of some stock market in the following way:
Identify an ARMA model for the whole sample
Split the sample in two parts, and estimate ...
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variance of asset returns linear for time
I am reading Wilmott's book, "Quantitative Finance" and try to understand the derivation that the variance of asset-returns, $V[\Delta S/S]$, is a linear function of the time step $\delta t$....
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internal rate of return ((M/X)IRR ?) of a fund
I have the following data for a fund. The contributions come from the LPs (i.e., the investors invest more in the fund, or withdraw money from the fund), MV stands for market value.
The timing is not ...
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Do EWMA weights remove autocorrelation in asset returns?
I know that the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) volatility estimator drapes a decaying weight function over historical returns in order to weight the past according to the decay of their ...
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Convention for computing returns on bond futures
From the CME website, we know that the contract unit for bond futures is "face value at maturity of $100,000".
Which of the following is more appropriate the convention to compute "...
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Formula for coskewness and cokurtosis of LogN to project linear returns
I want to find the coskewness and cokurtosis of the multivariate LogN(mu, sigma) distribution from the moments of a normally distributed multivariate distribution (ie: log returns). These higher order ...
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How important is the chronological ordering of historical returns?
The returns of asset $A$ in chronological order are
0.03
0.01
-0.04
0.02
0.05
-0.10
0.02
The expected return, or sample mean, is $-0.00143$ while its sample ...
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Interpretation of a uniform asset return distribution
Typically asset return distributions are bell-shaped with most mass occurring in and around the center, 0% returns, and less so in the tails, with the left tail representing the probability of large ...
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Which relation stands between IRR and the cumulative profits?
In the graph below you can see an irregular Cash Flow.
The graph is cumulative, on the y axes there are moneys, on the x the dates.
In the second graph the IRR (...
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What kind of returns should I use for my model?
I'm building a machine learning model with the aim of learning a daily strategy of buy or sell the stock.
I was wondering if I should use adjusted close price or something else to calculate returns (I ...
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Monte Carlo approach and methods for generating random returns
Recently I found myself reading more about Monte Carlo approach in m.v. portfolio optimization framework.
I already discuss the topic on this forum (if interested please consider the following links - ...
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Calculating excess returns with 3M T-Bill
I have to calculate weekly log excess returns using the 3-month T-bill. However I am not really sure if I am doing this correctly. This is what I did:
first I calculated the returns with ln(price/...
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Are cumulative returns stationary?
Log differenced returns, computed from stock prices, are known to be stationary. What about cumulative returns, are they also stationary? if not why not? Are there other properties, like non-i.i.d., ...
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How to deal with missing stock returns?
If I want to calculate the Covariance between two stocks but there are missing days in both, how can I deal with missing data? I want to use Pairwise deletion and only use the days of which both ...
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Calculate annualized returns and annualized volatility from monthly returns?
I have a dataset with monthly returns (In decimals)
Jan-2008, Feb-2008 .... Dec-2008, Jan-2009 .... Dec-2017
This is what I have done,
...
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Excess Daily Returns to Excess Quarterly Returns
I am building a model which predicts the Excess Daily Returns over a time period. How do I convert these excess daily returns to excess quarterly returns? Should I just do an average of all the daily ...
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Is it always better to use the entire distribution of a financial returns series, not just $\mu$ and $\sigma$?
In finance models that use historical returns for inputs, including option pricing models, forecasting and portfolio optimization, only the statistical moments of the returns distribution, $\mu$ and $\...
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Volatility of multimodal distribution of returns
Take $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_T$ to be the price of a stock, indexed by $t=1, 2, \ldots, T$. Define rate of return at time $t>W$ for a window size of $W$ to be
$$r_t = \frac{x_t - x_{t-W}}{x_{t-W}}$$
...
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Why do cumulative returns have a bimodal distribution?
Regular returns (log-differenced prices) have statistical distributions that are bell-shaped and unimodal (one mode/peak) despite being non-normal and fat-tailed.
Cumulative returns, on the other hand,...
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How to compute portfolio returns when constructing a dollar-neutral portfolio
I am trying to wrap my head around this statement:
dollar-neutral portfolios are built: dollar amounts of both long and short positions are equal. Furthermore, it is also true at the stock level: ...
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Cumulative returns are more correlated than non-cumulative
I was just comparing two daily returns series and noted that the correlation between them is a lot higher if they are cumulated (about .95 for cumulative returns, vs .15 for non-cumulative). I feel ...
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Predict Log Stock Return Direction and Trading Strategy
The $k$ period log return is defined as $$r_{t}(k)=log(S_{t}/S_{t-k}),$$ Where $S_{t}$ is the stock closing price at time $t$. For argument sake, assume that by time I mean a stock trading day and ...
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Annualised returns and volatility for 3 month data
I have a portofolio with 30 indexes and I want to calculate the annulised returns and volatility because I want to compare it with another portofolio with different number of indexes (but same time ...
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Normality or Log-Normality of Regular Returns
Another old question on this site (How to simulate stock prices with a Geometric Brownian Motion?) inspired me to ask the following question: if we assume that regular returns could be normally ...
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Mutual fund performance over time
I am a little bit stuck with my dissertation thesis, so help will be greatly appreciated. I am trying to analyze the performance of different mutual funds, which I have classified according to ...
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Optimal predictors for 1-month returns
I am implementing a Random Forest classifier algorithm on Python for predicting future stock returns (one month). My goal is to foresee whether the cumulative returns in a month will be negative or ...
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Constructing a replicating portfolio of a long-only strategy using long-short factors
Lets say I want to estimate a replicating portfolio by doing a linear regression between the returns of a long-only portfolio and several long-short factors like Fama-French 5-factor or Betting ...
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Get the weights of porfolio variance given standard deviation
I am trying to create a Simulated Portfolio Optimization based on Efficient Frontier on 50 stocks, which you can find the csv here. Yet it already takes me several minutes to get a suboptimal solution:...
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Is "time value of currency" to be accounted for in returns calculation?
A simple question: When exchanging currency in order to finance an investment, is it standard/best practice to adjusted for exchange rates when calculating the NPL of that investment?
For example: I, ...
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Daily to Monthly Performance Attribution - Getting Effects to equal the Excess Return
I am building a performance attribution tool on Python to help us understand the asset allocation, stock selection effects of our fund.
We are using daily price data for each component within the ...
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The use of volatility from log returns and raw return
As far as I know, we usually use log returns( $ln\frac{p_{t+1}}{p_{t}}$ ) in quantitative finance.
For example, let's say we have lots of monthly log returns data, $R_m$.
Then, we can get the mean ...
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Does asset volume, rather than asset returns, predict performance?
Asset returns are the most common data type used in finance. They are derived from closing price data. Ordinary level 1 data for stocks not only consists of closing prices, but also gross volume ...
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Fama Foundations of Finance today
Which could be a recent equivalent of Fama's book Foundations of Finance?
By "equivalent" I mean a book which is rigorous, but without being a book on stochastic calculus; which is focused on stock ...