Questions tagged [stochastic-calculus]
A branch of mathematics that operates on stochastic processes.
459
questions
7
votes
2answers
249 views
Stochastic Integral Graph
As we can represent the integration of $f(x)$ on $[a,b]$ with the graph below,
I was wondering how to represent the following integral with $X(t)$ a Brownian motion, $f(t)$ any function and $t_j = ...
-3
votes
0answers
64 views
Integrals with respect to Brownian motion
I have two questions:
Let $(B_t)$ be a Brownian motion.
Find all constants $a$ and $b$ such that
$X_t =\int_a^t (a +b\frac{u}{t}) \mathrm{d}B_u$ is also a Brownian motion.
Find all constants $a$, $b$...
-5
votes
0answers
64 views
The basic knowledge for financial mathematics? [closed]
I was a objective trader in Asian Stocks and Forex, and study master degree in the major of quantitative finance currently. Well, it feels not good about learning experiences without strong math ...
3
votes
2answers
498 views
Finding price of the power option
Let's assume a market with $d=1$ and $X=X^1$ satisfying
$dX_t=\sigma X_t\,dW_t,\: \: X_0=1,$
where $(W_t)$ is a standard Brownian motion. Assume that $\mathbb{F}$ is the natural filtration of $X$ ...
4
votes
1answer
99 views
How do we calcualte $E[W_sW_t|W_s]$
$W_t$ is a Brownian motion. How do we calculate this expectation?
there are two cases:
$s < t$
$t < s$
Do we have to distinguish the two cases or there is a unified way of calculating it
3
votes
1answer
112 views
stochastic dominance displaced diffusions
Suppose I have two processes both satisfying a displace lognormal diffusion:
$$
dX(t) = \alpha(t)[X(t) - a] dW(t)
$$
$$
dY(t) = \beta(t)[Y(t) - b] dW(t)
$$
Note that the processes are perfectly ...
1
vote
2answers
88 views
Instantaneous change in value of portfolio
I am trying to figure out an intuitive explanation for the instantaneous change for the value of a portfolio (essentially I'm creating a self-financing portfolio to replicate a derivative payoff).
...
3
votes
1answer
93 views
What the expectation of S^2 is from GBM? [closed]
I was at an interview and was asked to write down the SDE for GBM.
$$
dS = S\mu dt + S\sigma dX
$$
Then I was asked how I would compute the expectation of S^2. I didn't know where to start. Any ...
4
votes
1answer
159 views
Evaluating the SDE $dX_t = t\,dS_t$
The process $S$ is a geometric Brownian motion with an SDE: $dS_t = S_t(\sigma\, dB_t + \mu\, dt)$. I'm stuck evaluating $E(X_t)$ and $V(X_t)$, where $dX_t = t\,dS_t$.
-1
votes
1answer
66 views
Stochastic Vol Mathematical derivation [closed]
I want to understand the mathematical steps done. Can someone please simplify the derivation of d(pi) from Pi? Thanks in advance.
6
votes
1answer
195 views
Solving $dX_{t} = \mu X_{t} dt + \sigma dW_{t}$
I want to solve the following SDE:
$$ dX_{t} = \mu X_{t} dt + \sigma dW_{t} \quad X_{0} = x_{0}$$
Integrating, I get:
$$ X_{t} - x_{0}= \mu \int_{0}^{t} X_{s} ds + \sigma \int_{0}^{T} dW_{t} $$
$$ ...
2
votes
0answers
48 views
Interchange Expectation and Supremum in Snell Envelope/American Options
I had a question about the properties of a snell envelope, $\sup_{t\le\tau\le T} \Bbb E\left(Z_\tau\mid \mathcal F_t\right)$, which came to me while studying American options.
I know that in general,...
1
vote
1answer
77 views
Are the Ito's Lemma given in Mark Joshi's Concept and Practice in Mathematical Finance same as what I learn?
In Joshi's Concepts and Practice in Mathematical Finance, page $110,$ he stated the Ito's Lemma:
Theorem $5.1$ (Ito's Lemma) Let $X_t$ be an Ito process satisfying
$$dX_t = \mu(X_t,t)dt + \sigma(...
4
votes
1answer
114 views
Invariance Scaling of Brownian Motion
Prove $\frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}\log\left(\int_0^t \exp(B_s)\mathrm{d}s\right)$ converges to $\sup\limits_{t\in [0,1]}B_t$ in distribution as $t\to\infty$. I have a sense to use scaling invariance, but no ...
0
votes
1answer
57 views
integration of squared brownian motion w.r.t time
How to prove $\int_0^1 B_s^2ds$ is a random variable and compute its first two moments? From excercise 1.15 on the book martingales and brownian motion.
0
votes
0answers
33 views
Change of numeraire/probability when asset pays dividends
So I was looking at Margrabe's formula for exchange call options in the book 'Mathematical Methods for Financial Markets' (Jeanblanc, Chesney, Yor), and I was having trouble justifying their change of ...
1
vote
1answer
73 views
Integrating Brownian Motion [closed]
I just wonder how to integrate standard Brownian motion on time interval $(t, T)$.
Let $Z$ be a standard Brownian motion with mean $0$ and standard deviation $1$, with $dZ^2 = dt$. How to derive the ...
2
votes
0answers
38 views
Volatility of a perpetuity $E\Big[\Big(\int_0^\infty e^{-ks+mz_s}ds\Big)^\eta\vert\mathcal{F}_t\Big]$
Let $z$ be a brownian motion, let $\mathcal{F}$ be the filtration it generates. For $k>0$ and $m\in\mathbb{R}$, I define the process $Y$ as
$$Y_t=E\Big[\Big(\int_0^\infty e^{-ks+mz_s}ds\Big)^\eta\...
0
votes
1answer
54 views
Event Occurs Almost Surely
Consider an uncountably infinite space, an infinite coin-tossing.
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P})$ be the probability space. If a set $A\in\mathcal{F}$ satisfies $\mathbb{P(A)=1},$ then we say ...
1
vote
1answer
73 views
Calculating the value of Beta - Martingales
Assume a risk free bond $B_t$and the stock St follow the dynamics of the Black & Scholes model.
(with interest rate r, stock drift $\mu$ and volatility $\sigma$).
Find $\beta$ such that the ...
3
votes
0answers
57 views
Stochastic differential of a time integral
Suppose that $S$ follows a geometric brownian motion:
$$
dS(u) = r S(u)du + S(u)\sigma(u,S(u))dW(u) ,
$$
with $r$ a deterministic constant, and let the process $Z$ be defined by:
$$
Z(t) = \int_0^t ...
3
votes
1answer
116 views
Bond Option Hedging
(My question)
Please show me how to solve from (2) to (4) with computation processes.
These are too difficult to solve.
Thank you for your help in advance.
(Cross-link)
I have posted the same ...
2
votes
2answers
57 views
Cumulative Integration with regard to Vasicek Model's Bond Price and its Forward Price
(My Question)
Please show me how to compute the following expectation with its computation process. Besides, $B_t$ is S.B.M.
$$E\left[ \exp \left( - \int^T_t \int^u_0 \sigma e^{-b(u-s)} d B_s du \...
2
votes
0answers
58 views
The Ho-Lee Model (1986)'s Bond Call Option Pricing [closed]
(My Question)
I solved the following questions. However, if you know the other solutions, please let me know those along with computation processes. Besides, $W_t$ is a S.B.M.
(the details in this ...
2
votes
0answers
39 views
How to calculate the multiple integrals where the integral domain is based on the sum of normal distribution random variables?
The integral is shown below:
And how to use python to calculate pi (better if we don't need to code for each pi)?
2
votes
1answer
68 views
The Riccatti equation for The Cox-Ingerson-Ross Model
(My Question)
I went through the calculations halfway, but I cannot find out how to calculate the following Riccatti equation. Please tell me how to calculate this The Riccatti equation with its ...
2
votes
0answers
50 views
The Ho-Lee Model (1986)
(My question)
I solved the following questions. However, if you know the other solutions, please let me know those along with computation processes. Besides, $W_t$ is a S.B.M.
(Thank you for your ...
3
votes
1answer
82 views
HJM in infinite dimensions
I recently started reading Filipovic's Consistency problems for HJM interest rate models and came across the Musiela reparametrization
$$r_t(x)=f(t,x+t)$$ so the forward curve can be thought of as a ...
3
votes
1answer
78 views
Why is the value of the Brownian motion bounded by the maximum value of this square difference?
This comes from Taleb and Madeka's paper (https://www.academia.edu/39998351/All_Roads_Lead_to_Quantitative_Finance_Response_to_Clayton_?auto=download) regarding arbitrage restrictions on binary ...
3
votes
0answers
54 views
Discretisation of OU (mean reverting) process with a jump process
I have a question about how to apply the Euler approximation on OU process with a jump process. The stochastic process $X_t$ has dynamic
$$dX_t=\alpha(\beta-X_t)dt+\sigma dW_t+dY_t$$
where $dY_t=...
0
votes
1answer
62 views
Not clear on an SDE solution example on YouTube [closed]
This video, from about 6 to 12 minutes:
https://youtu.be/qdbkvD4N-us
I feel like I’m following him ok, but then at the end his f(t,B(t)) has become an f(t,x) and there is no B(t) in his result, so it ...
3
votes
2answers
63 views
For Ito Integrals with respect to a Brownian motion, why would the amount of stock held be a stochastic process?
Suppose that $B$ is a Wiener process and suppose $H$ is a right-continuous, adapted, and locally bounded process. Suppose
$$\int_0^t H dB$$
is the Ito integral of $H$ with respect to the Wiener ...
0
votes
2answers
83 views
Advantage of continuous time stochastic calculus over discrete version?
I'm new to the stochastic calculus, and I keep converting the continuous stochastic differential equation to its counterpart in discrete time, such as the autoregressive models. I wonder in practice, ...
2
votes
1answer
56 views
$\beta = 1$: Simulation of SABR and whether a solution is *exact*
Quick question regarding the conditional distributions (SABR is just an example here)
Consider
$$dS_t = \sigma_tS_tdW_t$$
$$d\sigma_t = \alpha\sigma_tdV $$
$$dW_tdV_t=\rho dt$$
Hence a SABR process ...
1
vote
0answers
69 views
Taylor expansion of stochastic variables with dynamics of the form $dX_t=b(\sigma_t,X_t)dW_t$
https://www.math.nyu.edu/~cai/Courses/Derivatives/compfin_lecture_5.pdf
In the above document stochastic taylor expansions are nicely explained.
Let us now consider a typical SDE model in finance ...
4
votes
1answer
121 views
Bond-price dynamics in the Vasicek model
Hello I am studying about interest rate modeling
There is one good source about Vasicek (link: https://web.mst.edu/~bohner/fim-10/fim-chap4.pdf). However there is one equation that I try but unable ...
1
vote
1answer
79 views
Example of complex structured products on FX market?
Lately I have been working a lot with the vol smile and different stochastic volatility models with FX forwards data. Now I want to work with pricing examples through simulations. Can you suggest some ...
1
vote
2answers
114 views
Why is Delta Hedging a Hedge Against Short Position? [closed]
Consider the usual one-period binomial model.
The delta-hedging formula, following Shreve's convention, is:
$$\Delta_0=\frac{V_1(H)-V_1(T)}{S_1(H)-S_1(T)}$$
Shreve states:
"The agent has ...
3
votes
1answer
90 views
Problem at deriving Bachelier formula with interest rates
In the Bachelier model, I have difficulties with a certain step. I want to figure out the distribution of $S_T$, which is the price process in the Bachelier model.
So far I could state that ($\mathbb{...
1
vote
0answers
48 views
Symbol “.” in the derive of Quanto Adjustment
I am reading "Analysis, Geometry and Modeling in Finance". In section 2.10.2 which derives the quanto adjustment, it states that (in page 46) by definition the process $S_t^{d/f}S_t^f$ is the foreign ...
1
vote
1answer
41 views
Why the variance of a process is $\left( \frac{dS_T^2}{dt}\right)^2$?
Consider an Ito process $dS_t = f(t,S_t) dt + g(t,S_t)dW_t $
What is the reason that we can compute the variance as:
$\sqrt{VaR(S_t)} = \frac{(dS_t)^2}{dt}$
3
votes
1answer
128 views
What is the easiest way to learn Option pricing with PDE?
I was reading about Ito's formula and Girsanov theorem, but I am still struggling to grasp how in reality these are combined to compute the price of an option. What are the main source to understand ...
2
votes
0answers
106 views
Term structure equation in the Vasicek model
Consider the SDE $$dr_t = (b-ar_t)dt +\sigma dW_t, \text{with } a; b > 0.$$ Let $$F(t; r) = E(\exp(-\int_{t}^{T}r_sds)| r_t = r).$$ (F can be interpreted as price of a zero coupon bond with ...
1
vote
0answers
75 views
Valuation of Callable Bonds
Is there any way to price American Callable Bonds (those which can be called on any date before expiration) other than basic CRR interest rate trees, since they won't be accurate enough to give ...
1
vote
0answers
31 views
Stochastic process with determinstic frequency of regime changes
Suppose that I have an OU process. For instance, assume that I want to model the interest rates. Suppose that regime change is known ex ante, and is deterministic in terms of frequency (For instance, ...
0
votes
0answers
32 views
Filtrations and the different “kinds” of pre-knowledge
I am searching for a reference I think I saw in a book by either Shreve or Oskendahl. I am struggling with a theoretical question.
As I recall how it was posed, the idea of no prior information (or ...
1
vote
1answer
79 views
Stochastic solution (mean, variance) to lognormal drift and normal volatility
I have trouble deriving the state equations for a mixture of normal/lognormal stochastic differential, namely for its
a) expected mean, (b) variance, and (c) drift adjustment for LMM - libor model
I ...
5
votes
1answer
120 views
Expected value of exponential of hitting time of GBM
We have a stopping time
$$
\tau=\inf\{t\geq 0: S_0e^{\sigma B_t+(r-\sigma^2/2)t}=S^* \}
$$
where $S_0,\sigma,r,S^*$ are constants and $S^*<S_0$, and $B_t$ is a brownian motion. I wish to compute ...
1
vote
0answers
76 views
Log Contract payoff function
I can’t get where Dr. Rouah gets payoff function of log contract. Could you please take a look at that?
https://frouah.com/finance%20notes/Variance%20Swap.pdf
It’s on page 2, section 3. I couldn’t ...
4
votes
1answer
459 views
Ito`s Lemma problem
Can someone help me with calculus for this problem.
I have these 3 equations and with Ito`s Lemma I have to find $dXt$.
\begin{cases} dY= μYdt+σYdB
\\ X=\frac{1}{2}cY\\ dc =-aαcdt\end{cases}
