# All Questions

12,638 questions
8 views

### What is the basis for the ansatz here?

I'm reposting this question: Jim Gatheral's ansatz I have the same question, but the answer given in the comment is no longer applicable since the link does not work.
9k views

### Duration of a floating rate note

I have the following C# code for calculating the modified duration of fixed coupon bonds: ...
15 views

### Option Prices on Thomson Reuters Eikon Database

I would like to get hist. option prices from Eikon. I am not looking for the entire option chain and I was wondering if Eikon offers average data/prices. Average European call and put option prices ...
31 views

### Zero rate computation in Quantlib

I am trying following code, zerorates which is received is different than I expect. Can someone suggest where am I going wrong? ...
20 views

### Why doesn't tenor of Euribor index change spot rate in Quantlib?

I'm trying to create a yield curve in QuantLib based on swap rates. The swap rates I'm using have a 6 months fixed frequency and a 3 month float frequency based on LIBOR. What I don't understand is ...
25 views

### Pricing structured products (Mortgage Backed Securities)

What would someone have to do to be able to price a structured product like Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities?
32 views

### How to add annualized quarterly returns?

I have four quarterly returns that have all been annualized. How do I calculate the annualized return for the year from these values? Or do I need to back into them to get the holding period returns
34 views

Relatively simple question, but came upon it in class and have not been able to come up with an answer: The two-year bond yield is equal to 4% while the 10-year one is equal to 10%. You want to put ...
40 views

### Practical Skew Model For Equity Options?

I'm looking for a simple model I can use to calibrate equity implied volatility surface. There are several models published in the literature, and most of them seem far too sophisticated for my ...
51 views

### transactions costs and leland modified volatility

When there are transactions costs, we are in a situation of incomplete market. What does the modified volatility of Leland (Option Pricing and Replication with Transactions Costs, 1985) bring us? can ...
55 views

### Fixed Income Portfolio Optimization

I'm trying to solve for a maximum sharpe ratio portfolio in the fixed income space. To do so, i use CVXPY in python. I use this Paper as reference. This is my "setup": ...
539 views

### Are there any software libraries for backtesting FX algorithms against tick data?

I've read question, however it doesn't appear as if any of those libraries work for FX data. A Google search for python forex backtesting turns up this project, ...
4k views

### Is there any theoretical basis for pattern-recognition strategies?

Mean-reversion and trend-following strategies have some kind of a theory behind them that explains why they might work, if implemented well. Pattern-recognition, on the other hand, seems like nothing ...
80 views

### How frequently is local volatility calibrated to implied vol surface, in practice?

This has two related questions - How frequently do equity derivative traders re-mark the implied volatility surface - (i) once a day (e.g. at start of trading day, or end-of-day), or (ii) ...
4k views

### What mathematical theory is required for high frequency trading?

I am an applied math postdoc and I have been presented with the option of leaving academia to work in high frequency trading. I wanted to get a feel for the field and the theory underlying it so I ...
32 views

### Dependence modelling in Finance

we have copula as a function of cdf of random variables to describe how they are related to each other. I have one question in my mind that, how can we generate a new copula function?
109 views

### Is there an inverse relationship between (future-spot) price and yield?

If the difference between futures and spot prices rises will the yield for the current bond increase as well?
43 views

### American Put Option Pricing

I am trying to solve a question of American Put Option pricing as below. Build a 15-period binomial model whose parameters should be calibrated to a Black-Scholes geometric Brownian motion model with:...
87 views

### What is the easiest way to learn Option pricing with PDE?

I was reading about Ito's formula and Girsanov theorem, but I am still struggling to grasp how in reality these are combined to compute the price of an option. What are the main source to understand ...
43 views

### How would one go about pricing a FX future?

What model/equations would I require to calculate the price for a foreign exchange future? This is in an attempt to mitigate foreign exchange risk. Also, how could one measure a business's exposure to ...
72 views

### Understanding the ZABR model (an extension of SABR)

http://janroman.dhis.org/finance/SABR/ZABR%20Andreasen.pdf In this acticle the SABR model is first presented in another form ( see equation 7 in the article ) and then extended to the so called ZABR ...
24 views

### high quality daily data [duplicate]

I am analysing some trading strategies, so lots of high quality data is needed. I have been using yahoo finance which provides a lot of high quality daily data on stocks and indices. Currently I am ...
246 views

### What are some examples of non-solvable SDE where Monte Carlo discretization is necessary

Reading Glasserman - "Monte Carlo Methods in Finance" it says in the introduction to Chapter 6 - Discretization Methods, that moste models arising in derivatives pricing can be simulated only ...
33 views

57 views

### what are the underlying transactions for SOFR?

Recently I am reading about SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate), which is projected to replace LIBOR to be the reference for risk-free rate in the market. But I still don't understand or imagine ...
501 views

### Transforming 3M volatilities into 6M volatilities in EUR forecast curves

I have implemented a stripping algorithm to extract forward volatilities from cap/floor flat volatilities for different currencies. I am however struggling a bit when implementing a method to convert ...
40 views

### How to calculate necessary gain to compensate a loss in a financial transaction?

(Feel free to suggest the correct Stackexchange community - or otherwise - if this is not the correct one) When trading financial markets, a gain of x%, won't ...
3k views

### Pricing a fixed rate bond in Quantlib Python

I'm trying to implement a pricing model for fixed rate bonds with the code below. ...
40 views

### Why is the volatility of an Ito process not the square root of its variance?

The volatility $\sigma$ of an Ito process $dS_t = r S_t dt + \sigma S_t dW_t$ is not the square root of its variance. But you often hear that "volatility = standard deviation". What's going on here?...
34 views

### Why the variance of a process is $\left( \frac{dS_T^2}{dt}\right)^2$?

Consider an Ito process $dS_t = f(t,S_t) dt + g(t,S_t)dW_t$ What is the reason that we can compute the variance as: $\sqrt{VaR(S_t)} = \frac{(dS_t)^2}{dt}$
39 views

### Rationale for likelihood function parameter choice in Black-Litterman model?

So we are interested in a PDF for equilibrium returns given the views. Why do we choose our view means as the mean parameter and observed market covariance as the covariance parameter? Seems a bit ...
85 views

### Are questions in Joshi's book really asked at Quant interviews?

I am reading some questions in Joshi's book on Quant Job Interview Questions, and am perplexed at some of the questions in the book. Some of them are extremely easy (like, "explain the Black Scholes ...
15 views

### How is hypothesis testing work in population sampiling?

I am learning the basics of quant trading from quantconnect's tutorial Confidence Interval and Hypothesis Testing. I understood the first part of the article but I dont understand "Hypothesis Testing"...
165 views

### A volatility model developed by JP Morgan

I am quite confused with this predicting volatility equation: σ2t = βσ2t-1 + (1-β)ε2t Here is a section from Capital Market Expectations: CFA Level 3 Volume 3 Curriculum (page 27) https://ibb.co/...
65 views

### Estimating a Yield Curve in a country without Bond Stripping

I am currently working under estimating a Yield Curve. From my understanding common procedures to construct a yield Curve like Nelson Siegel have the input of a series of different zero rates and ...
184 views

### Mixing Black Scholes with SABR

I am new to the whole concept of stochastic volatility so I am experimenting with option pricing. I think the concept is really difficult to understand / grasp. I was wondering if the following ...
2k views

### Forward implied volatility

Can one price accurately by only using vanilla options a derivative that is exposed/sensitive mainly to the forward volatility ? If it is impossible, why do we hear sometimes "being long a long ...
37 views

### How to prove martingality of forward rate under T-forward measure

Let $P(t,T)=\mathbb{E}_{Q_{R}}[e^{\int^{T}_{t}r(u)du}|\mathcal{F}_{t}]$ be the price of a 1-euro zero-coupon bond with maturity $T$ and $r(u)$ the interest rate process. Consider the the forward rate \$...
17k views

### Video lectures and presentations on quantitative finance

What are your favourite video lectures, presentations and talks available online? A few rules: Must be related to quantitative finance. No Economics 101 courses, please. Try to avoid DIY lectures ...