# All Questions

1,305 questions
Filter by
Sorted by
Tagged with
211k views

### What data sources are available online?

What sources of financial and economic data are available online? Which ones are free or cheap? What has your experience been like with these data sources?
25k views

### What are the quantitative finance books that we should all have in our shelves?

Which books/papers should we all have in our shelves? There are a couple that I use regularly such as: An Introduction to Financial Option Valuation: Mathematics, Stochastics and Computation Asset ...
27k views

### Integral of Brownian motion w.r.t. time

Let $$X_t = \int_0^t W_s \,\mathrm d s$$ where $W_s$ is our usual Brownian motion. My questions are the following: Expectation? Variance? Is it a martingale? Is it an Ito process or a Riemann ...
23k views

### How to derive the implied probability distribution from B-S volatilities?

The general problem I have is visualization of the implied distribution of returns of a currency pair. I usually use QQplots for historical returns, so for example versus the normal distribution: ...
6k views

7k views

### Skewness and Kurtosis under aggregation

Returns possess non-zero skewness and excess kurtosis. If these assets are temporally aggregated both will disappear due to the law of large numbers. To be exact, if we assume IID returns skewness ...
554 views

### Derivation of BS PDE problem using Delta hedging

I've always been confused with Delta hedging. It is well-known that for a (smooth enough) function of $(S,t)$ we have, due to Ito's lemma, that: \begin{eqnarray*} dC = \left(\frac{\partial C}{\partial ...
39k views

### How to calculate historical intraday volatility?

Sorry for what must be a beginner question, but when I went to write code I realized I didn't understand exactly how historical volatility, or statistical volatility, is defined. Wikipedia tells me "...
39k views

### How does the “risk-neutral pricing framework” work?

I've struggled for a long time to understand this - What is this? And how does it affect you? Yes I mean risk neutral pricing - Wilmott Forums was not clear about that.
16k views

### Is there a step-by-step guide for calculating portfolio VaR using monte carlo simulations

I am trying to determine a step-by-step algorithm for calculating a portfolio's VaR using monte carlo simulations. It seems to me that the literature for this is extraordinarily opaque for something ...
16k views

### Any known bugs with Yahoo Finance adjusted close data ?

Yahoo Finance allows you to download tables of their daily historical stock price data. The data includes an adjusted closing price that I thought I might use to calculate daily log returns as a ...
24k views

### Derivation of the tangency (maximum Sharpe Ratio) portfolio in Markowitz Portfolio Theory?

I have seen the following formula for the tangency portfolio in Markowitz portfolio theory but couldn't find a reference for derivation, and failed to derive myself. If expected excess returns of $N$ ...
13k views

### Daily returns using adjusted close

I want to chart the daily returns of a stock, and I'm using Yahoo finance data to download historic data. I was told to use Adjusted Close, but there seems to be an issue with this. For ANTO.L, you ...
3k views

### Understanding $N(d_1)$ and how to use the stock itself as the numeraire?

Assume the stock price follows a geometric Brownian motion Then in Black-Scholes pricing model, $N(d_2)$ is the risk-neutral probability that the option expires in-the-money. However, it is said that \$...
4k views

### Why discounted derivative price is a martingale?

Usually after showing that discounted stock price process is martingale under the risk-neutral measure, most authors say that this implies that the discounted derivative price process is a martingale ...
4k views

949 views

### Ho and lee derivation for short rates model

A silly question that is bugging me. I am working my way through Baxter and Rennie (again) and I am getting my wires crossed on the short rate models in particular the straight forward Ho and Lee ...