# All Questions

12,666 questions
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### In-sample and out-sample backtest performance, how to do this?

I have a strategy in development that I am backtesting to optimize for parameters, a total of N combinations. Trying my best not to overfit. I run the first backtest for the in-sample period and I ...
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### Using AlphaVantage For Japan/Shanghai/Hong Kong/Shenzhen stock exchange data?

Can I use AlphaVantage to pull data from Asian stock markets? I've been able to do it for others such as the London stock exchange, India stock exchange, Australian stock exchange etc. but haven't got ...
10 views

### How to forecast monthly volatility with daily gjrGarch estimates

I'm currently writing a paper and need to regress the 22 days realized volatility of the following month on its GARCH estimate and the 126days realized volatility up to t=1 The paper im referring to ...
18 views

### Black's Approximation - Discrete dividend for Put Options

I am currently trying to price and option chain for dividend paying stocks (american style exercise). I am able to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of dividends until maturity and then apply ...
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### What is upper left vol?

First time question, so please let me know if you have feedback for how I am asking. I am reading a market research piece and it makes reference to the performance of "vol, particularly the upper ...
27 views

### Simulating from a multivariate clayton copula

I am recently into copulas for finance, I've read several examples of how to generate dependent random variables with most kind of copulas. The problem for me is that all the books describe the case ...
48 views

### Interest Rate Assumption (Ornstein - Uhlenbeck Process)

Why can we assume that interest rate is stationary (identically distributed), Gaussian (has multivariate normal distribution), Markovian (the future is determined only by the present), and continous ...
19 views

### One-day Binary Event Implied Moves

What is the convention for pricing the expected 1-day move of a binary event based off of the implied volatility of the nearest series which contains that event? How do you distinguish between the ...
34 views

### Discounted self-financing portfolio still a self-financing portfolio?

Assume a self-financing portfolio $V_{t}=\theta_{t}^{0}S_{t}^{0}+\theta_{t}S_{t}$ with $S_{t}^{0}$ the value of the non-risky asset at time $t$ and $\theta_{t}^{0}$ the amount of shares of the non-...
26 views

### Has there been studies done on changes in model performance post-crisis?

My question is, has there been done any studies on whether the efficiency and accuracy of pricing and risk-management of derivatives using different models and algorithms has changed after the ...
41 views

### CDS Quote Conversion - Quoted vs Par

Just to be on the same page, let me start with some nomenclature: Par Spread = Coupon for which the CDS has NPV=0, assuming a piece-wise constant hazard curve (considered in conjunction with all ...
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### What does this formula in Jim Gatheral's book mean?

From Jim Gatheral's "The Volatility Surface", on page 11 he introduces a formula (formula (1.7) at the bottom). Is he talking about the "future value of the option"? I do not understand the "future ...
52 views

### American Put Option Pricing

I am trying to solve a question of American Put Option pricing as below. Build a 15-period binomial model whose parameters should be calibrated to a Black-Scholes geometric Brownian motion model with:...
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### Proof standard Brownian Motion under change of measure

Let's split the usual time horizon $[0,T]$ like $0=T_{0}<T_{1}<\dots<T_{n}=T$ and consider the bond price $P(t,T_{i})$ for $i=1,...,n$. We assume \frac{dP(t,T_{i})}{P(t,_{i})}=r_{t}dt+\xi_{...
146 views

### Getting sets of random correlated variables

For the training of a machine learning model I need to add additional features (macro variables), and these features are correlated. I need to run the model N times, and for each time I have to add ...
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### BHAR Event Study - Index

I want to perform a BHAR event study. For that, I subtract the compounded returns of a benchmark portfolio from the respective stock. Is my assumption right, that I can simply take any underlying ...
6k views

### What mathematical theory is required for high frequency trading?

I am an applied math postdoc and I have been presented with the option of leaving academia to work in high frequency trading. I wanted to get a feel for the field and the theory underlying it so I ...
38 views

### Zero rate computation in Quantlib [on hold]

I am trying following code, zerorates which is received is different than I expect. Can someone suggest where am I going wrong? ...
Let's denote the Implied normal volatility (Bachelier) as $\bar{v}$, and the implied log-normal (Black Scholes) as $v$. When everything else is known (spot, strike, maturity, rates etc) how can you ...