# All Questions

1,163 questions
Filter by
Sorted by
Tagged with
5k views

### How to extrapolate implied volatility for out of the money options?

Estimation of model-free implied volatility is highly dependent upon the extrapolation procedure for non-traded options at extreme out-of-the-money points. Jiang and Tian (2007) propose that the ...
4k views

### How to interpolate gaps in a time series using closely related time series?

I am trying to construct a daily time series of prices and returns for some large universe of securities. However, all I have available are a monthly time series of the prices/returns (as well as ...
5k views

### Why the expected return rate of a stock has nothing to do with its option price?

OK, I admit that this is a frequently asked question. But I couldn't find a satisfying answer after I read the explanations of books, went through the derivations of B-S formula, and searched answers ...
3k views

### What really is Gamma scalping?

How does Gamma scalping really work? It seems there is no true profit scalped. If we look at the simplest scenario, Black-Scholes option price $V(t,S)$ at time $t$ and the underlying stock price at $S$...
2k views

### How to make the final Interpretation of PCA?

I have question regarding final loading of data back to original variables. So for example: I have 10 variable from a,b,c....j using returns for last 300 days i got return matrix of 300 X 10. ...
4k views

### How to obtain true probabilities from Black-Scholes?

How to obtain true probabilities from Black-Scholes option pricing equation? Suppose, that we know risk adjusted discount rate for the underlying asset (the drift term in the physical measure) and ...
5k views

### Why using the swap curve as riskfree rate and no longer gov bonds?

I recently had an interview where I was asked what to use as risk-free rate. In all my textbooks it was always the US treasury yield curve. But they said no its now the "swap curve". Why is the swap ...
2k views

### Deriving Interest Rates

I am trying to teach myself about interest rate swaps, how they are priced, etc... Easy enough - just comparing cash flows of fixed and floating rate bonds. However, what I'm struggling with is how ...
6k views

### How is the formula for the VEV (VaR-equivalent volatility) in the PRIIP document derived?

The recent regulation (page 32) on PRIIPs requires to compute a VaR-equivalent volatility defined as $$\mbox{VEV}=\frac{\sqrt{3.842-2\ln \mbox{VaR}}-1.96}{\sqrt{T}}$$ Does anyone have an idea how ...
1k views

### Multi Fractals Models

From a quant point of view, how would you explain Multi Fractals Models in few words ? I have the level to take these courses, but won't be able to do it next year, so I want to know what I am missing....
490 views

### Empirical distribution function of overlapping time series data

If we model asset return volatility for periods of more than one (say more than one day) there is the square-root rule which holds true under some assumptions. The situation is more tricky if we look ...
1k views

### Arbitragefree Pricing: Q vs. P

I read that the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing states, that a market is arbitrage-free if and only if there exists an equivalent martingale measure Q, under which the discounted asset price ...
850 views

### Is there a non-recursive way of calculating the exponential moving average?

I want to calculate the exponential moving average for many stocks in a large investable universe. To do this, I've seen the following formula: Because it references the previous day's exponential ...
3k views

976 views

185 views

### The possible preferences of investors for higher than first 2 moments of return distribution?

Can anyone explain in an intuitive manner a justification for possible preferences of investors for moments of return distribution beyond the first two moments (i.e. mean and variance). For example, ...
399 views

### Why must the risk free rate be free from risk in risk neutral valuation?

I am reading through documentation related to Funding Valuation Adjustments (FVA) which discuss risk free rate and funding matters and the following question came to my mind: in risk neutral valuation ...
15k views

### How to normalize stock data

Please advise how can i normalize stock prices. Recently, I've been using such formulas: Log prices = Ln(Close(t)) Close(t)-Mean (Close(t)-Mean)/(StdDev) Ln(Close(t))-Mean Is there any other ways?
206 views

### Estimating implied volatility of an index component with no vanilla options market

There are liquid vanilla options trading on an index of 20 equity components. The question is how to price an option on one of the index components, knowing that there are no options trading on that ...
1k views

### Brownian motion - first passage time

Can anyone point me to the expression for the first passage time for a geometric Brownian motion process X(t) as a function of the starting point, threshold, drift and diffusion parameters. I am ...
1k views

### Price of bond future, given a specific interest rate?

I'm interested in calculating what a theoretical price of the ZB or UB(Ultra Bond) futures would be priced at, given an interest rate of 1%. Or 0% If the 30Y interest rate is around 1%, what will ...
1k views

### SABR Implied Volatility and Option Prices

I am trying to understand the SABR model. Specifically, I am having difficulty to understand how to calibrate the model parameters, that is, initial variance, volatility of variance, exponent for ...
383 views

### Pricing VIX Futures

In a 2006 paper Zhang and Zhu propose a model for VIX and VIX Futures based on Heston. I am struggling in understanding how they get equation 6 and 8 (where they define the parameters). Can anyone ...
922 views

### Fama MacBeth cross-sectional Regression

I am deeply confused right now and hope someone can help me out a bit. I want to replicate part of a paper from Fama/French (2008), Dissecting anomalies, specifically, Table IV "Average Slopes and t-...
2k views

### FX forward with stochastic interest rates pricing

I would like to extend the following question about FX Forward rates in stochastic interest rate setup: "Expectation" of a FX Forward We consider a FX process \$X_t = X_0 \exp( \int_0^t(r^...
532 views

### Scanning a stock database for errors/flaws

I'm currently working on some matlab code that is supposed to check a stock database for any errors (missing values, wrong values, etc.). The reason for this is that after reading this post I came to ...
2k views

### Normality assumption in Sharpe ratio

I have read that the Sharpe ratio imposes a normality assumption, but I fail to see how. Standard deviation is statistic for any type of distribution. Anyone have any ideas?