# All Questions

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4 views

Please explain the concept of premium Adjusted Delta in FX market. In EURUSD, why delta changes if premium currency is changed from USD to EUR and how this new delta is related to the old one with ...
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### How to get formulas for EWMA model with M-day records

Given following formula in exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) model i: stock i t: time t rit: actual return for stock i at time t If we only know latest M-day situation, how can we derive ...
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### Highly skewed (and positive kurtosis) return distribution as a dependent variable

I have two set of optimized returns over a period of time and called this portfolio 1 and 2 and two benchmark portfolio (a value-weighted and equally-weighted benchmark). I want to see the difference ...
10 views

### Risk Reversal quoting convention in FX market

How is RR bid offer quoted in market? For example: If a 25delta call and 25delta put is quoted as 5.5%/5.6% and 5.3%/5.5% respectively. What would be quote of a 25d RR with these call and Put?
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### Benchmark a Libor Market Model implementation

Assume I have implemented a solution of the Libor Market model PDE in terms of the Finite Difference method. What is a good strategy for validating and benchmarking the results of this implementation? ...
37 views

### Economic term for “limited trade space”? Slots in car sales hall, oil bunker volume, warehouse size

Newbie here. Took the tour, and "financial engineering" was listed as viable questions, so I give this a shot despite being very basic. Please redirect me if there is a more suitable SE site for it. ...
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### Cashier Metrics [on hold]

Lets assume you start a business and you have cashiers, how would you guage theri performance. trying to create metrics for cashiers especially in the changing brick and mortal/online business sphere
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### For which would you expect the liquidity on instrument X to be the greatest: its spot, future, option or swap?

Would like $X$ to remain general, but if needed, let's say GBPUSD Exchange Rate. By liquidity I mean overal market volume across exchanges / ease of opening and closing positions / total notional ...
51 views

### Why do futures seem to be quoted in setllement price rather than cost of the contract?

What I would expect to see is the price of contract quoted: $$p = \frac{F-E(S)}{k}$$ where $F$ is the settlement price, $E(S)$ is the expectation for the price at expiry (often assumed to be just = to ...
14 views

### Implying a required rate of return on an option from the required rate of return on the underlying

Is it possible to imply a required rate of return on an option from a required rate of return on the underlying? For example, given a known cost of equity, can you calculate the required rate of ...
30 views

### Log Contracts on Equities

Are log contracts on (e.g) equities traded a lot in the market? I have seen that a lot of it is described for volatility modelling in bergomi's book. what is the liquidity of such options?
36 views

### Risk reversal basics and trading strategies

It it written in the book by Giles Jewitt: "If a currency pair had a completely flat volatility smile, the risk reversal strikes would be positioned approximately symmetrically around the ATM strike ...
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### Is there a good book/blog on applying statistical methods in finance? [on hold]

I am learning a lot of tools in statistics, but I am having a hard time figuring out where I could apply these methods in finance, especially in relation to investment and trading. Is there a good ...
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### Likelihood increases on increasing variance of measurement error in kalman filter

I tried to fit a local trend model to daily data of a currency. I used the "dlm" package and tried to estimate the parameters V (measurement noise) and W (the process noise) via maximum likelihood. ...
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### What the expectation of S^2 is from GBM? [on hold]

I was at an interview and was asked to write down the SDE for GBM. $$dS = S\mu dt + S\sigma dX$$ Then I was asked how I would compute the expectation of S^2. I didn't know where to start. Any ...
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### How to fit AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model in R? [on hold]

I am currently working on the AR(1)+GARCH(1,1) model using R. I am looking out for example which explains step by step explanation for fitting this model in R.
204 views

### Possibility of delta greater than 1 [on hold]

Can delta of an option be greater than 1? Please illustrate it with an example.
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### Fair Strike for Variance Swap with no Skew in IV Surface

I am reading through Derman's 1999 research notes, "More than you ever wanted to know about Volatility Swaps." In equation B4 of Appendix B, the author takes the Taylor Series of the variance swap ...
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### sort of asked before but would be good to get updated sources of tick data

Hi: I am looking for reasonably priced quote data or ohlc minute bars for US stocks. I would want the history to go back say 2 or 3 years. I realize that getting US quote data for reasonable prices ...
217 views

### Options basics needs to be cleared

I'm not clear for the terminology of options and the mechanics of it. Any help is appreciated. For example the following statement: European call option of Apple stock with maturity 1 year and ...
20 views

### Negative forward variance

At times, extrapolation and interpolation of ATM curves throws error that says negative forward variance is not acceptable. Please explain why this happens with an example.
126 views

### Evaluating the SDE $dX_t = t\,dS_t$

The process $S$ is a geometric Brownian motion with an SDE: $dS_t = S_t(\sigma\, dB_t + \mu\, dt)$. I'm stuck evaluating $E(X_t)$ and $V(X_t)$, where $dX_t = t\,dS_t$.
106 views

### Interesting Undergrad Thesis [on hold]

I'm searching for an undergrad thesis in finance. I already have some ideas, but still wanted to ask: Is there a an interesting topic that jumps to your mind, when you think about implied volatility (...
44 views

### Exotic Derivatives Model Calibration

Suppose if we will like to price an exotic option with a model,we calibrate them to natural hedging instruments that are available in the market. Do we use all the instruments as hedge or only a ...
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### How to interpret CAPM model?

I want to run CAPM model on two portfolios P1 and P2. Where CAPM is Rt - Rft = λ0 + λ1 (Rmt - Rft) Results which I got: Portfolios Intercept Coefficient of Rm-Rf Adjusted R2 P1 0 i.e not sig. ...
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### Using Python Quantlib's FittedBondDiscountCurve as Evaluator of Parametric Curve - Errors

I am using Quantlib's FittedBondDiscountCurve in Python 3.7 and setting MaxIterations to 0, and giving a guess_solution, which then turns the routine into an evaluator for the parametric form I choose,...
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### SDE Parameter Estimation

Have a question about "How to estimate parameters for SDE with multiple Brownian Motions ?" Let's say $X_t$ follows the process: $dX_t=\mu dt+\sigma_1 dW_t^1 + \sigma_2 dW_t^2$ I think I've checked ...
63 views

### Stochastic Vol Mathematical derivation [on hold]

I want to understand the mathematical steps done. Can someone please simplify the derivation of d(pi) from Pi? Thanks in advance.
79 views

### Stochastic Volatility and Sticky Delta

"Stochastic volatility models can be thought of as sticky delta model. And Local volatility model as sticky Strike." Please help me understand how the author has reached this conclusion.
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### Implied vol vs Realised vol on Event Days

How implied vol varies vis-a-vis realised vol on an event days?
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### Calculation cross-currency basis

I am trying to calculate cross-currency basis on the 3-month horizon for a certain set of currencies. The formula should be $ccb = F/S (1+y_{foreign currency}) - (1+y_{USD})$ where $y_{USD}$ is Libor ...
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### ATM Curve Construction: Short-Dates

Please explain example 1 and example 2. In example 1 how does 6 appear in the square root function. And in example 2 it is written:" Assume it is known that spot will be completely static during the ...
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It's written in a book by Giles Hewitt : " The bid-offer spread quoted on a Strangle in volatility terms will usually be wider than the ATM spread to the same maturity because strikes away from the ...
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### Where to find the components of an index and how to replicate it by subset selection?

I am interested in replicating the performance of the eurostoxx 50 index using different statistical methods. That's what ETFs do, right? How to replicate an index using subset selection? I think I ...
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### LP for max stress test

I'm trying to find a solution to the following problem: Assume a portfolio of $n$ zero coupon bonds mapped in risk by their respective DV01. Assume that the ZC portfolio created cannot exceed max ...
I am trying to do a simple unilateral CVA for call and put options. I found this discretised formula online:  CVA = \sum_{i=1}^m \frac{EE(t_{i-1})DF(t_{i-1}) + EE(t_i)DF(t_i)}{2} \left( PD(t_i) - PD(...