# All Questions

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21 views

### How to interpret a value stock with 0 beta to HML portfolio

I am unsure of how to interpret stocks that have a low P/b but have a low beta when regressed onto the HML portfolio. Conversely, I have found stocks that are not cheap but have a high beta to HML ...
38 views

### Historical volatility calculation to price options with the Black-Scholes formula

I'm looking for a reference algorithm for calculating historical volatility to price options. I know there are several volatility calculation models that use the time series of the underlying's ...
67 views

### Are there volatility models dependent on returns?

When I look at the relationship between volatility and price, I see a clear negative correlation as shown in this figure (SPY and VIX prices today looking back 1 year). The common volatility models (...
36 views

### how can I get the P-value and simulate the vasicek model in Excel?

I use the solver in Excel to estimate the parameter, the out put is b=0.001153,a=0.095516,sigma=0.0013. I follow the steps at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X17cpkkwG_4 The method is the Maximium ...
30 views

### Do daily returns from a distribution with skew and/or kurtosis lead to options implied volatility skew?

I've been trying to price a call option using a Monte Carlo approach with the specific goal of showing implied volatility skew. I'm using the sinh-arcsinh transformation to make the random numbers I ...
121 views

### Pricing American Options by Neural Networks

Has anyone read the paper 'Pricing of High-Dimensional American Options by Neural Networks' by M. Kohler et al. (2010) and tried to program the proposed method in Python? I have been trying that for ...
20 views

### Which optimality criteria should be used to determine state sequences in HMM?

There are several criteria to determine state sequences in HMM. For example, most possible state for each individual observation, and most possible sequence. Which one should I use to get average ...
39 views

### How to estimate the parameters of vasicek modle in R or Excel?

Thank you in advance. I use the yield to maturity of 2year, 3year, 5year and 7year japan government bond from 1989-2019 as my data (i.e. the name of my data is ...
38 views

### How difficult is it for a private company to compute their own market cap?

I've read this question: How do I value a private company's market cap? Assume: "market cap" = outstanding shares * price per share. Right now, I'm trying to outline a license for some software ...
18 views

### variation in portfolio vs systematic risk

I am currently studying about the CAPM, and I stumbled upon something that I can see is different, but i can't make the distinction. This isn't some mathematical question per se, but I hope that you ...
98 views

### Using the call option to solve this linear program

Hello I have to do a project for a finance class and the Professor has given us the following problem. I'm not a finance student and am just now being introduced to the subject. I do not understand ...
19 views

### Asset risk relative to market portfolio risk - derivation problem

I am currently studying the CAPM, and at the moment I am focusing on beta. I am using the following book: Danthine, J-P and J. B. Donaldson (2014): Intermediate Financial Theory (3rd Edition) http://...
219 views

### Forget Kelly, forget fractional sizing. Where is the general theory?

I am struggling to find a general theory of position sizing. Help! The literature is all about fractional position sizing, but that's just one of the innumerable strategies. What about all the other ...
61 views

### Optimization with turnover constraint

I am optimizing using scipy.optimize using SLSQP. I am looking to minimize the variance with some upper bounds and lower bounds on each stock. I am also looking to constraint the weight so that the ...
29 views

### How to mathematically calculate the probability of GBM generating difference of less than some value

I have a custom index that follows Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) with volatility v. I started this index at 10k with 4 decimal places i.e the starting price of ...
15 views

### Future wealth calculation with investment

Task: The student is 25 years old now. He say, that next year his salary will be 15000€ per year. His salary will grow +5% each year until his pension (when he will be 65 years old). Calculate how ...
14 views

### Term for manipulating revenue allocation?

I am trying to remember the term for when revenue allocation is essentially manipulated. Example: An organization receives a grant that restricts its use. The organization allocates this fund for ...
25 views

### Equity finance and primary brokerage and their products

I was in the project working on the asset classes known as EF/PB, which is short for Equity Fiance / Primary brokerage, I understand that Equity finance is more or less about securities lending, and ...
90 views

### How To Understand the Drift of ln(S) if S Follows Geometric Brownian Motion

As we know, if an asset S follows geometric Brownian motion, under risk neutral measure, it can be expressed as $\frac{dS}{S}=rdt+\sigma dW$, by applying Ito's lemma, $d(lnS)=(r-0.5*σ^2)dt+σdW(t)$, ...
26 views

### Replication of the paper: “A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction”

I recently replicated the paper "A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction" and found out that my estimation of the equity premium differs from the data provided ...
18 views

### Federal Funds Futures for monetary policy surprise measurement

How one uses Federal Funds Futures for monetary policy surprise measurement. What assumptions does one need to make? Is the calculation using OIS the same?
30 views

### Question is about the data in the paper: “A Comprehensive Look at The Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction”

I would like to ask a question if you download the data from the Amit Goyal website: http://www.hec.unil.ch/agoyal/ You will see that there are two columns "CRSP_SPvw" "CRSP_SPvwx", they are ...
61 views

### Interest rate calculation [closed]

The task: With what interest rate given 2000 Euros after 2 years and 3000 Euros after 4 years, the actual value will be equal 4000 Euros. This task sounds confusing for me, I tried to calculate, but ...
61 views

### Two commodities which are normal distributed and perfectly correlated

The daily price change in commodity 1 is distributed $N(0,0.15^2)$ and the daily price change in commodity 2 is distributed $N(0,0.3^2)$. The two commodities are 100% correlated. 1) Does the relative ...
43 views

### Quantlib specify contract duration instead of dates

I use the following code in Python to price American put/call options. It's simple code since I'm new to using Quantlib. I would like to specify the contract duration (i.e. ...
42 views

### Error in optimize.portfolio with transaction costs constraint

I am experimenting with the PortfolioAnalytics package to optimize portfolio with dollar neutral and transaction costs as constraints to the quadratic utility objective function. A sample R snippet is ...