# Tag Info

Accepted

### Arbitrage Free Volatility Smile

I generally agree with @dm63's answer: A convex (concave) smile around the forward usually indicates and leptokurtic (platykurtic) implied risk-neutral probability density. Both situations can or ...
• 5,800
Accepted

### Arbitragefree Pricing: Q vs. P

In the derivatives context, "arbitrage free" means almost surely for the probability measure under consideration. This is in opposition with statistical arbitrage used at high frequencies for example. ...
• 3,836
Accepted

### Does numeraire have to be a tradable asset

This is an interesting question that I have asked myself. Below is my take. Let us consider an economy $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P)$ equipped with a filtration $(\mathcal{F})_{t \geq 0}$ consisting on a ...
• 7,186

### Why do we need the self-financing assumption in risk-neutral pricing?

You don’t just need self-financing in a risk-neutral world but it’s a much more fundamental principle. If you look at a portfolio that is not self-financing, i.e. you can inject or withdrawal funds at ...
• 13.9k
Accepted

### What is the fair price of this option?

This option is a perpetual one touch option. Its price depends on the model used; additional assumptions are required to get a model-independent price. Let us first consider 3 important example ...
• 1,865

### Pricing when arbitrage is possible through Negative Probabilities or something else

You cannot use negative probabilities in this context. When there is no unique probability measure, there can be no unique price. You only know that it is in [0, 0.6] range, if you want to tighten ...
• 346

### What is the fair price of this option?

Let $T= \inf\{t>0: S_t = H\}$. Then the option payoff is given by $\mathbb{1}_{\{T < \infty\}}$, and the value of the option is given by $\mathbb{P}(T< \infty)$. We assume that the stock ...
• 20.5k

Making money is not the only reasonable objective to trading. Another common reason is to manage/reallocate risk. For example, this is exactly the objective of liability-driven-investors, such as ...
• 463

### What is the difference between market efficiency, market equilibrium, and no-arbitrage?

In three bullet points: Efficiency: the obtained prices maximize assumed utilities of different agents. In their paper "The Valuation of Option Contracts and a Test of Market Efficiency", Cohen, ...
• 10.6k
Accepted

### Pricing when arbitrage is possible through Negative Probabilities or something else

I believe there is not a unique price if you can't short. Say, instead of buying the option you spent 0.5 on a half a unit of the asset $S^2_1$ This asset pays out $[0.4, 0.6, 0.8]$ which first order ...
• 226

### Help reconciling incorrect reasoning in options pricing brain teaser

Assuming that the only things that can happen on the period are $100$ and $50$, and we can buy a stock and a call option with strike $90$, even without knowing the probabilities of these moves we can ...
• 2,856
Accepted

### How to derive forward price on stock with continuous dividend

When the dividend yield $q$ is constant one can in fact derive a very simple forward formula under no model assumptions on $S_t$ (see (4) below). Only no arbitrage arguments are needed: The forward ...
• 1,509
Accepted

### Prove arbitrage opportunity

Suppose that the given condition is true. You want to construct an arbitrage portfolio to take advantage of this. Now, $d$ is an interest rate, and the condition suggests that $d$ is too high. So you ...
• 224
Accepted

### What is the arbitrage opportunity in this simple one-period market?

Sell 1 unit of S1,2,3 respectively, gain 3; buy 2 units of risk-free asset, cost 2. No matter which state appears, the future payoff/loss is 0 for sure, while you will gain 1 at the beginning.
• 121