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As far as I know if you have for example 40% AAA, 40% BBB, 20% CCC with a total of 100k value. And someone new comes and adds 100k you can reallocate their money to fit the 40-40-20 (same as your old portfolio) and they will own 50% of your whole portfolio which is now 200k.

But what if your main portfolio has illiquid assets? This means that you'll have

40% AAA, 40% BBB, 20% XXX (illiquid, won't be traded for a few years) with a total of 100k value. Someone new comes and adds 100k to your portfolio and you do the same for 40% AAA, 40% BBB but can not buy more of XXX so you just buy 20% BBB instead.

Overall your portfolio becomes 40% AAA, 50% BBB, 10% DDD and the old & new person owns 50% of the 200k portfolio.

But your calculations have shown that DDD will probably increase much more than AAA & BBB, so overall, the late investors takes opportunity from the earlier investors.

This problem can be solved by creating a different fund for each time a fund enters an illiquid asset but then when you scale, you'll have 100 people invested with 35 different funds to manage.

How can this problem be solved? What is the best way to manage such funds?

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    $\begingroup$ I would generalize the question to managing any fund holding some illiquid assets. $\endgroup$
    – Bob Jansen ♦
    Commented Feb 21, 2018 at 8:48
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    $\begingroup$ @BobJansen good point, editing the question $\endgroup$
    – demiculus
    Commented Feb 21, 2018 at 9:41

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Yes, the new investor could have a opportunity. This is "normal" life. Launching a new fund is a possible way, but it is expensive (as you indicated). Sometimes it is necessary to launch a new fund: when fund restrictions are in place. Example: In your question, the investment of the new investor will shift the asset allocations from 40% (AAA), 40% (BBB), 20% (CCC) to 40% (AAA), 50% (BBB) and 10% (CCC). You have to consider if the new allocations does fit to the fund prospectus guidelines. When fund is restricted to have at least 20% in CCC (i.e. minimum investment allocation), then you have to consider two ways: a) Launch a new fund b) When existing CCC instruments are not liquid, invest in other instruments that are similar to existing CCC instruments. This will maintain existing asset allocation at 20%.

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