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A risk-neutral measure is a probability measure that yields an expected present value (discounted at the risk-free rate) which is equal to the current market price. The risk-neutral measure is also called an equivalent martingale measure.

6 votes
1 answer
1k views

How is Radon-Nikodym derivative different from the likelihood ratio?

I see that the Radon-Nikodym derivative is the ratio of probability measures, $dP/dQ$. How is this different, in general, from a likelihood ratio of two continuous distributions? I understand the RN-d …
Bravo's user avatar
  • 671
8 votes
1 answer
3k views

What is a Brownian motion "under the risk-neutral measure"?

I understand that the risk-neutral measure associated with the money-market Numeraire is one under which the discounted price (acc. to the risk-free rate) of any asset is a martingale. Brownian motion …
Bravo's user avatar
  • 671
1 vote
1 answer
635 views

How do we derive the Radon-Nikodym derivative for T-forward measures?

Let $Q^{T_e}$ denote the $T_e$-forward measure and let $Q^{T_p}$ denote the $T_p$-forward measure. I have seen the following Radon-Nikodym derivative being used in derivations. For $0 \le t \le T_p$, …
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  • 671
2 votes
1 answer
98 views

How to compute the Present Value of this path-dependent option?

I have an option whose payoff depends on its value at two times $T_1$ and $T_2$ as follows. $$V(t) = \mathbb{E}^{Q}[\mathbb{1}_{S(T_1)>B} (S(T_2)-K)^+)],$$ where the stock price follows the GBM dynami …
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  • 671
1 vote
0 answers
175 views

How to use Girsanov theorem for complicated RN derivatives?

Let $W_t$ be a Brownian motion under probability measure $\mathbb{P}$. Let $X_t$ be defined as follows. $$\mathrm{d}X_t = a \mathrm{d}t + 2\sqrt{ X_t} \mathrm{d}W_t.$$ Also define: $$L_t = \exp\left(- …
Bravo's user avatar
  • 671
8 votes
3 answers
2k views

How do we determine the "correct measure"?

Frequently I come across the statement that the "correct measure" for a product is this-or-that measure. For example, Eurodollar Futures or Stock returns - Risk neutral measure Libor forward rate - …
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