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Shares of stock traded in a stock market. Equities represent the residual claim or interest of the most junior class of investors in assets, after all liabilities are paid.

8 votes

Can money technically flow in and out of stocks or asset classes?

Understanding how certain players or groups of players are positioned might also generate some useful information (for example, certain pension funds that target a strategic policy allocation might have to buy equities
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
4 votes

How well does CAPM beta track the risk of a particular market relative to world markets?

Beta as a measure of risk has serious drawbacks, particularly in emerging markets. You need to consider alternative risk metrics (cost-of-capital build-up method or volatility, for example), or if you …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

How to cluster stocks and construct an affinity matrix?

You should consider an unsupervised learning algorithm such as K-nearest neighbor ('KNN'). KNN will measure the distance amongst the observations in your space. You can and probably should consider a …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
2 votes

Does the debt load affect the volatility of equity?

Let's start with an empirical test of the relationship between leverage and stock price returns and see if this connects to corporate finance theory. Below is a bivariate chart that show the one-yea …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
10 votes
Accepted

When should you build your own equity risk model?

Great question. We would expect 3rd party risk providers to have specialized expertise (robust regression techniques, factor research, data cleansing etc.). We might grant them these advantages but st …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
6 votes

Any known bugs with Yahoo Finance adjusted close data ?

Yahoo data is not as clean as alternative data providers such as CSI. Some issues are: i) data for some tickers is missing, ii) incorrect data (rare but it does happen), iii) sometimes they fail to me …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
2 votes

How to design a custom equity backtester?

Stop loss simulation with strictly OHLC is not possible since you need to assume the ordering of the high and low (which one came first)? You can make an assumption when there is a straight line thru …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Which valuation measures are most useful for equity market timing?

Take a look at Campbell's 2008 paper "Predicting Excess Stock Returns out of Sample". This paper is in response to Goyal & Welch's paper which argued that excess returns cannot be predicted out of sam …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
8 votes
Accepted

How do you distinguish "significant" moves from noise?

Measuring expected shortfall (also known as conditional value-at-risk) answers the simpler question of "what is my average expected loss at the i-th quantile?" given the empirical distribution of retu …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
13 votes

What methods do I need to learn in order forecast asset price movements?

You can forecast stock prices thru time-series models, cross-sectional, or panel models. There is considerable variation within these categories. In time-series models you would use an auto-regressiv …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
1 vote

How do earnings estimates respond to changes in underlying fundamentals and economic conditi...

I would normalize valuation variables over the business cycle. These normalized variables exhibit mean-reversion. For example, use price-to-peak earnings rather than P/E. Here is a good illustration o …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar
5 votes

How to forecast expected volatility from high-frequency equity panel data?

Check out A Blocking and Regularization Approach to High Dimensional Realized Covariance Estimation. Abstract: We introduce a blocking and regularization approach to estimate high-dimensional co …
Ram Ahluwalia's user avatar